Antihistamines
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| Antihistamines inhibit: | Histamines
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| What is the major usage of antihistamines? | Dermatology and allergies
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| Where is histamine released from? | Mast Cells
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| What is pruritus? | Itchiness
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| What is a common allergic reaction? | pruritus
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| Other than pruritus, what are 2 other adverse reactions seen with histamine release? | hypotension and contriction of bronchioles
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| T/F - Antihistamines are anti-inflammatories. | True
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| T/F - Antihistamines counteract histamines. | False - they are a preventative and do not counteract
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| What is the major use of antihistamines in canines? | atopy (allergies)
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| T/F - Antihistamines should be the first drug of choice. | True
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| Clinical uses for antihistamines: | pruritis (itching), urticaria (hives), laminitis, motion sickness, anaphylactic shock, reverse sneexe syndrome, heaves (equine asthma), feline asthma and upper respiratory tract infections
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| The most common side effect of antihistamines is: | sedation or lethargy
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| What are some other side effects associated with antihistamine use: | CNS excitation, birth defects (teratogenicity), anti-cholinergic action, rare agranulocytosis
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| What is a major contraindication with antihistamine use? | Anticonvulsant drugs (phenobarbitol)
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| Diphenhydramine/Benadryl(R): Forms | Most common, forms include oral caps and elixirs and injectables
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| Chlorpheniramine/Chor-trimetron(R) | Common, not as effective for skin problems
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| Hydroxyzine/Atarax(R) | Causes relaxation of skeletal muscles, less side effects than classic antihistamines, tab form, some analgesic effect
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| Dimenhydrinate/Dramamine(R) | antiemetic
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| Pyrilamine Maleate/Histavet(R) | Heaves in horses, LA, Granule form
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| Pramoxine/Relief(R) | shampoos
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| Cyproheptadine | side effect: PP, not first choice of antihistamine
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