Ms. Slater Grade 7 Science Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| cell | the basic unit of all living things; building blocks of life
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| organism | a living thing (ex. you!)
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| biology | the study of life (bio means "life"; ology means the "study of")
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| life processes | everything needed for groups of organisms to survive.
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| growing (life process) | increase in the size and number of cells
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| response to surroundings (life process) | reacting to what's going on around you
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| obtaining energy (life process) | food for cells
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| releasing and using energy (life process) | oxygen combines with food to release energy and heat
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| releasing wastes (life process) | removing gases, liquids, and solids from the body
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| producing new organisms (life process) | reproduction, making more of the same kind (ex. rabbits produce more rabbits)
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| chromosomes (plant cell) | threadlike parts in the nucleus
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| nucleus (plant cell) | control center of the cell
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| cell membrane (plant cell) | thin structure that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell.
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| cytoplasm (plant cell) | jellylike substance that surrounds the nucleus
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| vacuole (plant cell) | food storage for the cell
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| organelles (plant cell) | small structures in the cytoplasm which help to keep the cell alive.
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| cell wall (plant cell) | thick wall that gives the cell structure
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| chloroplasts (plant cell) | hold chlorophyl
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| animal cell | has 6 parts. same parts as the plant cell, except the animal cell has no chloroplasts or cell wall
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| chlorophyll | a green chemical used in photosynthesis
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| photosynthesis | the food-making process by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water combine to make sugar (photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves.)
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| diffusion | molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration
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| mitosis | cell division/nuclear division to make new body cells (each new cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes).
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| interphase | before mitosis begins: material being copied
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| prophase | centrioles to opposite sides of cell. spindles form.
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| metaphase | chromatids line up at the equator of the cell
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| anaphase | lack chromosome; goes to opposite sides of cell
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| telophase | two new daughter cells are formed; each has a nucleus
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| chromatids | identical chromosome copies (in new cells)
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| classification | a system of grouping things that are alike in some way. (classification is always open to growth and change)
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| taxonomy | the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things
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| Early classification system | probably classified by whether helpful, harmful, or neither.
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| 1700's-Swedish Scientist | Carolus Linnaeus made up the genus and species classification system we use today. (binomial nomenclature).
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| System of classification used today | "New Latin"-a combination of Latin and Greek words. No matter what language scientists speak or write, they all can understand the classification names of the one language, "New Latin".
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| How many classification levels? | Seven kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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| Kingdom | largest classification of living things...the six major kingdoms are plants, animals, fungi, protists, eubacteria, archaebacteria
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| division | for plants only
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| phylum | is the largest group of the animal kingdom
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| species | fewest organisms, more characteristics in common
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| Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species regarding MAN | Kingdom:Animalia (animal); Phylum Chordata (has a backbone); Class: Mammalia (nurses young); Order: Primate (stands erect, fingers); Family: Hominidae (special brain); Genus: Homo (long life span); Species: Sapiens (high forehead, thin skull bones)
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| binomial nomenclature | two-part naming system of classification...genus and species for each organism. The genus always starts with a capital letter, the species starts with a lower case letter. Ex: man Homo sapiens
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| monerans | eubacteria and archaebacteria are sometimes known as this one kingdom
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| Animals (animalia) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular (many cells). can't make own food. obtain energy from eating living things or once living things, move from place to place
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| plants (plantae) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular, make own food, can't move on their own, have chloroplasts and cell wall
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| fungi (fungus is singular) organism of the six kingdoms | Usually multicellular, simple non-green plants which break down substances in their environment and absorb the nutrients. No chlorophyl! Can't make their own food, reproduce by spores, can't move from place to place.
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| most common fungi | mildew, mold, mushrooms (the 3 m's)
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| Beneficial fungi (good) | decompose plant and animal matter, flavors foods like cheese. Yeast makes bread rise
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| Harmful bacteria | destroy plants and crops, bring ringworm or athletes foot, spoil foods, spoil clothing and other items. poisonous mushrooms can cause illness or death.
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| protists (protists) organism of the six kingdoms | most are unicellular organisms (plantlike protists are algae, animal-like protists are protozoans. Most protists are microscopic and live in water.
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| fungus-like protists | slime molds and water molds
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| multicellular protist | giant kelp-a type of seaweed in the ocean
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| animal-like protist | amebas, parameciums
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| plant-like protist | diatoms
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| animal-like and plant-like protist | eugiena is animal like because it can move, and plant like because it can make its own food.
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| eubacteria | single-celled organisms without a nucleus; are microscopic-THE MOST COMMON BACTERIA (some harmful/some harmless)
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| Bacteria | most bacteria is harmless! bacteria are classified by shape; reproduce by dividing. ALL BACTERIA HAVE NO NUCLEUS
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| Three major harmful bacteria | spirella=spiral shaped
cocci=sphere-shaped (round)
bacilli=rod shaped
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| Examples of harmful bacteria working | strep throat, infected cuts, E-coli and botulism )forms of food poisoning); some pneumonia; sinus infection; decaying fruits and vegetables
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| Examples of beneficial bacteria working | help decompose dead animals and plants, used to help make cheese (by fermentation), dead or weakened bacteria are used to make vaccines to prevent certain diseases; in the intestines to help in digestion.
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| archaebacteria | thrive in extreme environments (live where most organisms could not survive, such as hot springs in Yellow National Park. Have no nucleus
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| prokaryotes | organisms without a nucleus (BACTERIA!)
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| eukaryote (eukaryotic cell) | a complex cell with a nucleus
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