Ms. Slater Grade 7 Science Vocabulary
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| cell | the basic unit of all living things; building blocks of life | ||||
| organism | a living thing (ex. you!) | ||||
| biology | the study of life (bio means "life"; ology means the "study of") | ||||
| life processes | everything needed for groups of organisms to survive. | ||||
| growing (life process) | increase in the size and number of cells | ||||
| response to surroundings (life process) | reacting to what's going on around you | ||||
| obtaining energy (life process) | food for cells | ||||
| releasing and using energy (life process) | oxygen combines with food to release energy and heat | ||||
| releasing wastes (life process) | removing gases, liquids, and solids from the body | ||||
| producing new organisms (life process) | reproduction, making more of the same kind (ex. rabbits produce more rabbits) | ||||
| chromosomes (plant cell) | threadlike parts in the nucleus | ||||
| nucleus (plant cell) | control center of the cell | ||||
| cell membrane (plant cell) | thin structure that surrounds the cell and controls what goes in and out of the cell. | ||||
| cytoplasm (plant cell) | jellylike substance that surrounds the nucleus | ||||
| vacuole (plant cell) | food storage for the cell | ||||
| organelles (plant cell) | small structures in the cytoplasm which help to keep the cell alive. | ||||
| cell wall (plant cell) | thick wall that gives the cell structure | ||||
| chloroplasts (plant cell) | hold chlorophyl | ||||
| animal cell | has 6 parts. same parts as the plant cell, except the animal cell has no chloroplasts or cell wall | ||||
| chlorophyll | a green chemical used in photosynthesis | ||||
| photosynthesis | the food-making process by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water combine to make sugar (photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves.) | ||||
| diffusion | molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration | ||||
| mitosis | cell division/nuclear division to make new body cells (each new cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes). | ||||
| interphase | before mitosis begins: material being copied | ||||
| prophase | centrioles to opposite sides of cell. spindles form. | ||||
| metaphase | chromatids line up at the equator of the cell | ||||
| anaphase | lack chromosome; goes to opposite sides of cell | ||||
| telophase | two new daughter cells are formed; each has a nucleus | ||||
| chromatids | identical chromosome copies (in new cells) | ||||
| classification | a system of grouping things that are alike in some way. (classification is always open to growth and change) | ||||
| taxonomy | the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things | ||||
| Early classification system | probably classified by whether helpful, harmful, or neither. | ||||
| 1700's-Swedish Scientist | Carolus Linnaeus made up the genus and species classification system we use today. (binomial nomenclature). | ||||
| System of classification used today | "New Latin"-a combination of Latin and Greek words. No matter what language scientists speak or write, they all can understand the classification names of the one language, "New Latin". | ||||
| How many classification levels? | Seven kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species | ||||
| Kingdom | largest classification of living things...the six major kingdoms are plants, animals, fungi, protists, eubacteria, archaebacteria | ||||
| division | for plants only | ||||
| phylum | is the largest group of the animal kingdom | ||||
| species | fewest organisms, more characteristics in common | ||||
| Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species regarding MAN | Kingdom:Animalia (animal); Phylum Chordata (has a backbone); Class: Mammalia (nurses young); Order: Primate (stands erect, fingers); Family: Hominidae (special brain); Genus: Homo (long life span); Species: Sapiens (high forehead, thin skull bones) | ||||
| binomial nomenclature | two-part naming system of classification...genus and species for each organism. The genus always starts with a capital letter, the species starts with a lower case letter. Ex: man Homo sapiens | ||||
| monerans | eubacteria and archaebacteria are sometimes known as this one kingdom | ||||
| Animals (animalia) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular (many cells). can't make own food. obtain energy from eating living things or once living things, move from place to place | ||||
| plants (plantae) organism of the six kingdoms | multicellular, make own food, can't move on their own, have chloroplasts and cell wall | ||||
| fungi (fungus is singular) organism of the six kingdoms | Usually multicellular, simple non-green plants which break down substances in their environment and absorb the nutrients. No chlorophyl! Can't make their own food, reproduce by spores, can't move from place to place. | ||||
| most common fungi | mildew, mold, mushrooms (the 3 m's) | ||||
| Beneficial fungi (good) | decompose plant and animal matter, flavors foods like cheese. Yeast makes bread rise | ||||
| Harmful bacteria | destroy plants and crops, bring ringworm or athletes foot, spoil foods, spoil clothing and other items. poisonous mushrooms can cause illness or death. | ||||
| protists (protists) organism of the six kingdoms | most are unicellular organisms (plantlike protists are algae, animal-like protists are protozoans. Most protists are microscopic and live in water. | ||||
| fungus-like protists | slime molds and water molds | ||||
| multicellular protist | giant kelp-a type of seaweed in the ocean | ||||
| animal-like protist | amebas, parameciums | ||||
| plant-like protist | diatoms | ||||
| animal-like and plant-like protist | eugiena is animal like because it can move, and plant like because it can make its own food. | ||||
| eubacteria | single-celled organisms without a nucleus; are microscopic-THE MOST COMMON BACTERIA (some harmful/some harmless) | ||||
| Bacteria | most bacteria is harmless! bacteria are classified by shape; reproduce by dividing. ALL BACTERIA HAVE NO NUCLEUS | ||||
| Three major harmful bacteria | spirella=spiral shaped cocci=sphere-shaped (round) bacilli=rod shaped | ||||
| Examples of harmful bacteria working | strep throat, infected cuts, E-coli and botulism )forms of food poisoning); some pneumonia; sinus infection; decaying fruits and vegetables | ||||
| Examples of beneficial bacteria working | help decompose dead animals and plants, used to help make cheese (by fermentation), dead or weakened bacteria are used to make vaccines to prevent certain diseases; in the intestines to help in digestion. | ||||
| archaebacteria | thrive in extreme environments (live where most organisms could not survive, such as hot springs in Yellow National Park. Have no nucleus | ||||
| prokaryotes | organisms without a nucleus (BACTERIA!) | ||||
| eukaryote (eukaryotic cell) | a complex cell with a nucleus |
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Created by:
1122841960
on 2011-10-24