Unaware of stimulus/effects on processing or behaviour
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Intentionality
Do you want to start a process
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Control
if aware of stimulus can you STOP its effects?
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Efficiency
Cognitively demanding = might not occur under cognitive strain
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3 levels of automatic behaviour
preconscious, postconscious & goal-directed
pre = notice stimulus but not effects, post = results from previous concious processing, goal = intent + consent, considering the self)
Automaticity good?
Auto responses can be more accurate (Wilson & Schooler, 1991), frees up cog space
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Bargh (1989)
recons we're always on auto pilot, with "if X then Y"
where X is environment cue and Y is behaviour
James (1890)
thinking conciously about an action activates action tendancies associated with that action making them more accessible
Guiding behaviour in that particular direction
Carver et al (1983)
Perception-action interface
Shocking the confederate. Ppts primed w hostility gave longer shocks to others when they answered questions wrongly
Bargh, Chen & Burrows (1996)
Perception-behaviour interface,
Prime with politeness/rudeness. Wait for experimenter to finish a concersation. Ppl primed with rude far more likely to interrupt
Dijksterhuis & Van Knippenberg (1998)
Percept-behaviour interface
ppts primed with professor do better than control in trivia persuit questions, those primed with secretary do worse than control.
Dijksterhuis & Van Knippenberg (1998) 2
prime with elderly coridoor (Bargh?!?!)
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Bargh (1993)
Perception-behaviour interface
Subliminaly prime with black v white faces, do boring dot task then "oh no i've lost the data, will you do it again?", black primed = more aggressive facial gestures & rude towards experimenter
If everything is automatic, why don't we act on all our ideas?
boundary effect
eg Kissing experiment - we don't do it for many reasons eg. tendancy, current environment, morals etc
William James (1890)
boundary effect
we don't do it cos other ideas rob them of their power.
Norman and Shallice (1986)
Boundary effect, accesibility & activation of schema
behaviour controlled by automatic activation of schemas when everything is going to plan, but then change to supervisory attentional system when something novel happens. A schema will be selected if it reaches activation threshold and isn't inhibited.
