Muscles
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| _______ soft flexible conn tissue needed for flexibility and firmness | cartilage
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| ___ is dense and composed of haversian system ( osteons) | Compact bone
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| ____ contain spiracles of yellow and red marrow | Spongy bone
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| ___ builds bone | osteoBlast
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| ______ destroys bone, bone resorption | osteoclast
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| _______ ______ cartilage replace by bone | endochondral ossification
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| _____ immovable joints | sutures
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| ___ join bone to bone | ligament
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| ___ join muscle to bone | tendon
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| muscle cell aka | fiber
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| ______ membrane around individual muscle cell | endomysium
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| membrane around the bundle of muscle cell | perimysium
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| membrane around the muscle organ/ belly gaster | epimysium
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| _______ bundles of filaments in the muscle fiber | myofibril
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| Myofibrils contain contractile units | sarcomeres
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| sarcomeres have _____ thin filaments and ___ are the thick filament | actin, myosin
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| A band | dArk band, where thick and thin overlap is darkest
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| I band | lIght band, only thin filament
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| H zone | has only thick filaments, is the middle of A band
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| during contraction only _____ are reduced | H zone and I bands
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| neuromuscular junction | b/t nerve terminal and sarcolemma/ muscle fiber
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| ________ released at neuromusc junction | Ach, acetylcholine
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| hows contraction initiated in a muscle | - nerve signal open Ca channels in synaptic bulb
- ACh release in synaptic cleft
-Ach binds to receptors on sarcolemma
-surge of Na in and K out
- voltage gate open cuzing action potential
- sarcoplasmic reti release Ca
-Ca causes contaction of sar
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| all or none respose | stimuls must be at threshold value to elicit a contraction
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| simple twitch | response of a single muscle fiber to a stimulus above threshold
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| tetanus | stong and prolonged contraction in response to frequent stimuli
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| smooth muscles perform | involuntary actions
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| smooth muscles controlled by | Autonomic nervous system
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| smooth muscle characteristics | 1 nucleus
no striations
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| cardiac muscle are | striated
1 or 2 nuclei
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| _____ maintains oxygen supply in muscles, has high affinity to Oxygen | myoglobin
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