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carboxylic acid altern

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acyl halide   OH replaced by X  
anhydride   OH replaced by OCOR  
amide   Oh replaced by NH2  
ester   OH replaced by OR  
naming acyl haldes   change "ic acid" "yl acid"  
Carboxylic acid + thionyl Chloride (SOCl2)or PCL3 or PBr3   acyl chloride  
acyl chloride + h2O   forms back carboxylic acid  
acyl chlroide + alcohol (ROH)   forms ester R-C=O \OR  
acyl chlorides + ammonia (NH3)   forms amide R-C=O \NH2  
aromatic substitution   Friedel craft acylation  
wats friedel craft   aromatic + acid chloride with AlCl3  
results of friedel craft   benzene-R-C=O \R  
acid halide + H2 in Pd/BaSO4 (quinoline)   halide replaced by H  
anhydride   without water; 2 acid bonding and removing water  
gen form for anhydride   R-C=O \O-C=O \R  
acid chloride + carboxylate salt ( R-C=O \O-   halide is lost and anhydride formed  
dioic acid + heat   cyclic anhydride  
anhydrydes + water   2 carboxylic acids - molecule splie adding OH to one and H to O  
ammonia (NH3) + anhydride   mol splits forming carboxylate attached to NH4 -forms amide  
anhydride + alcohol   mol splits and adds RO from alcohol to one and H to the O in the second - ester + carboxylic acid  
anhydride + benzene in friedel craft( AlCl3)   splits anhydride and attaches R-C=O to benzene + carboxylate  
amide gen formula   R-C=O \NR2  
formation of amide   acid chlorides with amine (prim n sec) or anhydride with ammonia  
amide+ H2O in acid   NR2 replaced by OH to form carboxylic acid  
hoffman rearrangement (BrO-)   amide to primary amine ( loses carbonyl)  
BrO- + amide   H2NR ( primary amine); Hoffman rerarrangement  
amide + LAH   loses =O to form amine  
gen formula for ester   RC=O \OR  
synthesis of ester   acid + alcohol  
naming ester   alkyl alkanoates  
ester + h2o   H adds to =O forming OH and H adds to the other O splitting the ester - carboxylic acid and alcohol  
ester + ammonia   adds H to O splitting the ester NH2 adds to carbonyl section - amide + alcohol  
ester + alcohol   displaces the OR by adding H and adds the alcohols OR to the C=O grp - new ester + alcohol ( transesterification)  
Grignard reagent (RMgBr) + ester   OR is replaced by the R grp - forms ketone  
LAH + ester   - removes =O and adds H to the other O prim alcohol  
ester + NaBH4   doesnt produce prim alchols  


   


 

 

 
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Created by: smuttz on 2011-10-17




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