carboxylic acid altern
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| acyl halide | OH replaced by X | ||||
| anhydride | OH replaced by OCOR | ||||
| amide | Oh replaced by NH2 | ||||
| ester | OH replaced by OR | ||||
| naming acyl haldes | change "ic acid" "yl acid" | ||||
| Carboxylic acid + thionyl Chloride (SOCl2)or PCL3 or PBr3 | acyl chloride | ||||
| acyl chloride + h2O | forms back carboxylic acid | ||||
| acyl chlroide + alcohol (ROH) | forms ester R-C=O \OR | ||||
| acyl chlorides + ammonia (NH3) | forms amide R-C=O \NH2 | ||||
| aromatic substitution | Friedel craft acylation | ||||
| wats friedel craft | aromatic + acid chloride with AlCl3 | ||||
| results of friedel craft | benzene-R-C=O \R | ||||
| acid halide + H2 in Pd/BaSO4 (quinoline) | halide replaced by H | ||||
| anhydride | without water; 2 acid bonding and removing water | ||||
| gen form for anhydride | R-C=O \O-C=O \R | ||||
| acid chloride + carboxylate salt ( R-C=O \O- | halide is lost and anhydride formed | ||||
| dioic acid + heat | cyclic anhydride | ||||
| anhydrydes + water | 2 carboxylic acids - molecule splie adding OH to one and H to O | ||||
| ammonia (NH3) + anhydride | mol splits forming carboxylate attached to NH4 -forms amide | ||||
| anhydride + alcohol | mol splits and adds RO from alcohol to one and H to the O in the second - ester + carboxylic acid | ||||
| anhydride + benzene in friedel craft( AlCl3) | splits anhydride and attaches R-C=O to benzene + carboxylate | ||||
| amide gen formula | R-C=O \NR2 | ||||
| formation of amide | acid chlorides with amine (prim n sec) or anhydride with ammonia | ||||
| amide+ H2O in acid | NR2 replaced by OH to form carboxylic acid | ||||
| hoffman rearrangement (BrO-) | amide to primary amine ( loses carbonyl) | ||||
| BrO- + amide | H2NR ( primary amine); Hoffman rerarrangement | ||||
| amide + LAH | loses =O to form amine | ||||
| gen formula for ester | RC=O \OR | ||||
| synthesis of ester | acid + alcohol | ||||
| naming ester | alkyl alkanoates | ||||
| ester + h2o | H adds to =O forming OH and H adds to the other O splitting the ester - carboxylic acid and alcohol | ||||
| ester + ammonia | adds H to O splitting the ester NH2 adds to carbonyl section - amide + alcohol | ||||
| ester + alcohol | displaces the OR by adding H and adds the alcohols OR to the C=O grp - new ester + alcohol ( transesterification) | ||||
| Grignard reagent (RMgBr) + ester | OR is replaced by the R grp - forms ketone | ||||
| LAH + ester | - removes =O and adds H to the other O prim alcohol | ||||
| ester + NaBH4 | doesnt produce prim alchols |
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Created by:
smuttz
on 2011-10-17