excretion
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| excretion is the removal of _____ produced by the body | metabolic waste
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| ______ of amino acids in the liver forms urea | deamination
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| annelids excrete minerals and urea using | nephridia
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| arthrodods excrete nitrogenous waste as _______ | uric acid
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| ________ arterioles enters the glomerulus | afferent
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| ________ arteiole drains the glomerulus | efferent
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| Filtration occurs in _____ | glomerulus
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| why is the afferent larger than efferent | -blood pa is much higher and drive filtration
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| _____ secretes angiotensinogen whch is acted upon by renin secreted by _______ | liver; kidney
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| Angiotensin_____ afferent and efferent arterioles. stimulates ____ and water __________ by prox tubule | constricts; Nacl; reabsorption
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| tubular secretion | renal tubule extracts chemicals from blood to tubular fluid
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| tubular reabsorption | substances from filtrate reabsorbed into blood primarily occurs in the Prox tubule
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| tubular reabsorption is passive or active process? | active process
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| wats the function of the nephron loop | form a salinity gradient that causes the collecting duct to conserve water
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| significance of thick segment of ascending loop | reabsorb 25% Na + impermeable to water
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| fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule is | highly diluted
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| how does DCT regulate the tubular fluid concentration | the effects of hormones, like aldosterone, ANP
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| "salt retaining hormone" | aldosterone
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| role of aldosterone | causes the ascending loop to reabsorb Na and Cl when blood pa is low
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| role of ANP | in response to high blood pressure, inhibits NaCl reabsorption by collecting duct
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| role of ADH | in response to low blood pressure, makes Collecting duct more permeable to water
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| parathyroid hormone | in response to low blood calcium,so increase phosphate exct=retion and increase Ca reabsorption
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| ____ release angiotensinogen; _____ release renin; ________ secretes Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to convert angiotensin 1 to ________ | liver, kidney; lungs; angiotensin II
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| Angiotensin II causes kidney to secrete ____ ; blood vessels to ___ that in turn _____ | aldosterone; constrict; increase blood Pa
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| 2/3 of water is reabsorbed by | PCT
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| water is absorbed by pct via _____ with the aid of _______ | osmosis; aquaporin
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| tubular secretion compensates for____ | waste removal during pct reabsorption
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| ________ directly causes stimulation of aldosterone release | low Na or high K in blood
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| _______ indirectly induce aldosterone release | low blood Pa
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| aldosterone affects the ______ and causes _______ | thick ascending loop; Na reabsorption and K secretion; decreased urine vol.
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| _____ stimulates PTH release | low blood calcium
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| PTH acts on ______ TO INCREASE phosphate excretion | prox tubule
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| PTH acts on ______ and ____ to increase Ca reabsorption which ends up | DCT and thick ascending loop; increasing blood calcium levels
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| how des ADH affect the KIdneys | increases the amt of aquaporins in the collecting duct and tubules
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