Unit 2
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| What the 1st step in Intramembranous Ossification? | Osteoblasts cluster around Blood Vessels throughout the interior of the Connective Tissue ("ossification center")
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| What is the 2nd step in Intramembranous Ossification? | Osteoblasts secrete a Collagen matrix (osteoid), providing a framework for deposition of calcium.
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| What is the 3rd step in Intramembranous Ossification? | Calcium salts Crystallize forming a latticework of Trabeculae. Open spaces provide room for Red bone Marrow.
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| What is the 4th step in Intramembranous Ossification? | Increased density of Trabeculae at the surface ----> Outer layer of Compact Bone with trapped Osteocytes.
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| What is the 5th step in Intramembranous Ossification? | Periodic remodeling through resorption of existing bone by Osteoclasts. Original membrane becomes the Periosteum.
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| What is the 1st step in Endochondral Ossification? | Enlargement of Hyaline cartilage model by Chondrocytes.
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| What is the 2nd step in Endochondral Ossification? | Invasion of Perichondrium by Blood Vessels transforms it into the Periosteum, making bone.
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| What is the 3rd step in Endochondral Ossification? | Cartilage model invaded by Blood Vessels and Osteoblasts from the Periosteum ----> "ossification centers"
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| What is the 4th step in Endochondral Ossification? | Calcification of Cartilage creates Trabeculae (spongy bone) which causes the death of the Cartilage cells (chondrocytes).
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| What is the 5th step in Endochondral Ossification? | Surface Osteoblasts form Compact bone against outer Periosteum.
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| What is the 6th step in Endochondral Ossification? | Breakdown of bone Matrix by Osteoclasts creates a hollow cavity for Red marrow and later Yellow marrow, and lighten bone.
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| What is the 7th step in Endochondral Ossification? | Lengthwise growth occurs at Epiphyseal Cartilage Plate; between the Diaphysis and Epiphysis.
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| What stimulates Endochondral Ossification? | Pituitary growth hormone and Sex hormones.
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| When does Longitudinal growth stop? | When the Diaphysis and the Epiphysis fuse together.
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| Where does the Endochondral Ossification occur? | Cartilage Expansion is at the Epiphyseal border with Ossification at the Diaphyseal border in long bones (femur).
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