Carbohydrates
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| Carbohydrate Composition | -made of C, H, O [roughly Cn(H2O)n]
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| Carbohydrates in Feed | -primary component in livestock feeds/largest part of animal's food supply
:present in forages, grains, & oilseed meals
:generally cheapest source of available energy
:generally main source of energy
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| Where are Carbohydrates created | plants-photosynthesis
-6CO2 + 6H2O + Solar Energy -> C6H12O6
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| Monosaccharide | -glucose
-fructose
-galactose
-mannose
-arabinose
-xylose
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| Disaccharide | -sucrose
-maltose
-celloboise
-lactose
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| Polysaccharide | -starch
-fiber
-glycogen
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| Starch | -plant energy storage
-major component of livestock diets (cereal grains & tubers)
-a non-structural carbohydrate
-highly digestible
-composed of glucose units
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| Fiber | -cellulose(glucose units), hemicellulose(mixed sugars), pectin, fructan, etc.
-in plant cell walls (lignin)
-a structural carbohydrate
-non-digestible (requires microbial enzymes-digest beta linkages)
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| Glycogen | -animal "starch"
-produced in muscle and liver
-carbohydrate reserve in the animal body
-hydrolyzes to glucose
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| Effects of Maturation on Grasses | -Concentration of NDF and Lignin increases
-CP decreases
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| Lignin | -not a carbohydrate (part of plant structure/considered with fiber)
-mostly indigestible by livestock and microbes
-reduces digestibility of fiber
-increases as plants mature
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| Pectin | -considered with fiber
-located in matrix in plant cell walls
-soluble and easily fermented
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| Carbohydrate Summary | -organic nutrient
-provides most of the energy in livestock diets
-sugars and starches(digested or fermented)
-fiber(fermented to VFA by microbes)
-Ligin(not a carbohydrate, reduces digestibility of fiber)
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