9/26 Reading
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| the legal right to vote | suffrage | ||||
| the constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans | 15th Amendment | ||||
| laws in southern states exempting persons whose grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1860 from taking literacy tests | grandfather clauses | ||||
| 1915 supreme court decision declaring the grandfather clause unconstitutional | Guinn v. United States | ||||
| small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at times when African American sharecroppers had the least money on hand | poll taxes | ||||
| one of the means used to discourage African American voting that permitted politicfal parties in the South to exclude African Americans from primary elections | white primary | ||||
| constitutional amendment adopted in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections | 24th amendment | ||||
| 1944 Supreme Court decision declaring white primaries unconstitutional | Smith v. Allright | ||||
| 1966 Supreme Court decision that voided poll taxes in state elections | Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections | ||||
| A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage | Voting Rights Act of 1965 | ||||
| When the Voting Rights Act passed in 165, only ____ African Americans held office in the ___ Southern states | 70, 11 | ||||
| By the early 1980s, more than ______ African Americans held elected offices in those states. | 2,500 | ||||
| There are currently more than ______ African American elected officials in the US. | 9,000 | ||||
| Redrawing district boundaries was to avoid discriminatory ____ and not just discriminatory _____. | results, intent | ||||
| In redrawing the congressional district boundaries in 1990, ____ new US House districts were drawn specifically to help elect African Americans, while ___ were drawn to help Hispanics. | 14, 6 | ||||
| 1993 Supreme Court decision in which the Court decried the creation of districts based solely on racial composition | Shaw v. Reno | ||||
| 1995 Supreme Court decision that held use of race as a "predominant factor" in drawing district lines should be unconstitutional | Miller v. Johnson | ||||
| Supreme Court decision that conscious consideration of race was not automatically unconstitutional if state's primary motivation was potentionally political rather than racial | Hunt v. Cromartie | ||||
| the oldest minority group | American Indians | ||||
| Nearly __ ________ people identify themselves as Native Americans | 2 million | ||||
| After this law, the federal government focused on assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American life | Dawes Act of 1887 | ||||
| When did Congress make American Indians citizens of the US and give them the write to vote? | 1924 | ||||
| law established in 1946 to settle financial disputes arising from lands taken from American Indians | Indian Claims Act | ||||
| Almost ___ of American Indians live on or near a reservation | half | ||||
| 1978 Supreme Court decision strengthening the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthering self-government by Indian tribes | Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez | ||||
| Who was the first Native American elected to Congress as a US Senator from Colorado in 1992? | Ben Nighthorse Campbell | ||||
| Hispanic Americans compose about ___ percent of the US population, making it the largest minority group | 14 | ||||
| There are now more than ______ elected Hispanic officials in the United States | 4,600 | ||||
| The Asian American population rose from ___ percent to ___ percent from 1960 to 2000, making it the fastest growing minority group | 0.4, 4 | ||||
| 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WW2 | Korematsu v. US | ||||
| There are more than __ _______ persons of Arab ancestry in the United States. | 1.2 million |
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Created by:
gingertribble
on 2011-09-26