Chapter 1 flash cards
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| The Scientific Revolution | a movement that took place in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe. During this time scientists began to apply what is known as the scientific method,they used observation, experimentation, and special tools to discover the laws of nature
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| Nicolas Copernicus | is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.
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| William Harvey | was born in England in 1578. He was a physician who liked to study the blood flow through living things.
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| Galileo | was an Italian scientist who formulated the basic law of falling bodies.
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| Johannes Kepler | was a mathematician who discovered the relative positions of the sun, moon and planets, together with the tilt of the earth on its axis, combine to determine the seasons of the year, the phases of the moon, tides, eclipses of the sun and moon.
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| Sir Francis Bacon | was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method.
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| Rene Descartes | was a writer who wrote books on many different topics
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| Sir Isaac Newton | developed the theory of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed
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| Sir Isaac Newton continued | by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
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| The Age of Enlightenment | an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in Church and state
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| John Locke | known as the Fr. of Liberalism,English philosopher,physician regarded as 1 of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered 1 of the 1st of the British empiricists following the trad. of Fra. Bacon he is equally imp. 2 social contract theory
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| Thomas Hobbes | was an English philosopher, best known today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perspective of social contract theory
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| Philosophes | intellectuals of the 18th century Enlightenment. Few were primarily philosophers; rather they were public intellectuals who applied reason 2 the study of many areas of learning,like philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.
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| Progress | the idea that the world can become increasingly better in terms of science, technology, modernization, liberty, democracy, quality of life.
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| Deism | in the philosophy of rel. standpt.that reason and obs. of the nat. world, w/o the need 4 org. rel., can det.the uni. is a cre. and has a creator.the term often implies that this supr. being does't int. in human affairs or suspend the nat. laws of the uni.
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| Tolerance | is the practice of permitting a thing of which one disapproves, such as social, ethnic, sexual, or religious practices
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| Jean Jacques Rousseau | was a major Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-centuryRomanticism. His political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.
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| Mary Wollstonecraft | 18thct.Brit.writ,phil,adv.ofw/m rig.novs,tre,travnarr. hist.oftheFRev,cond.child book.Woraft-bestknown4AVin.ofRig.of W/m-argthatw/mr'nt nat.infe.2 men,app 2 b only bc they lackedu.suggthat both men+w/m should b treat as rat.bei+imag a soc ord foun on reas
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| The Vindication of the Rights of Woman | written by the 18th-century British feministMary Wollstonecraft, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy.
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| The Social Contract | is the book in which Rousseau theorized about the best way in which to set up a political community in the face of the problems of commercial society.
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| The General Will | The law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to contribute personally, or through their representatives, to its formation. It must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.
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