CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE
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| what are the organic substances | carbonhydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
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| what are the uses in the body for carbohydrates | immediate energy, shoot- term energy storage, cell structure
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| elements of carbohrdrates | c,h,o
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| monomers of carbohydrates | monosaccharides
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| examples of a monosaccharides | fructose, glucose
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| examples of a disaccharides | sucrose, lactose
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| examples of a polysaccharides | starches, glycogen
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| lipose is what | fat
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| elements in a lipid | c,h,o,p
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| what are the three examples of lipids and their uses | fats, energy storage...phospholipids, form cell membrane and other structures...steroids, form hormones, bile
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| fats,phospholipids,steroids what do they do | energy storage...form cell membrane and other structures...form hormones, bile
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| what does a triglyceride monomers contain | glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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| all single bonds b/w C atoms- fully filled with H is | saturated
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| one or more double bonds b/w C atoms- spaces for more H | unsaturated
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| what is a better energy source for the body | carbs
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| elements in a protein | c,h,o,n and sometimes s
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| uses in a protein in the body | structures, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, energy
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| monomers of proteins | amino acids
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| components of an amino acid | amino acid, carboxyl group, side chain
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| how many diff amino acids exist | 20
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| what creates the various diff proteins | different R groups
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| 3 dimenstional shape caused by different amino acids | native conformation
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| shape changes or falls apart due to heating, beating, freezing, electricity,ph | denaturation
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| elements in nucleic acids | c,h,o,p,n
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| monomers of nucleic acids | nucelotides
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| nucleotides are made up of | sugar, phosphates, nitrogenous base
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| store info to make up proteins, pass on info to daughter cells?? | functions of deoxyribonucleic
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| function of ribonucleic acid | copy info to make proteins
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| synthesisrxns- building molecules | anabolism
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| dehydration happens in what | anabolism
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| as bond is formed h2o is released | dehydration synthesis
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| breakdown molecules | catabolism
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| consumes water in what | catabolism
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| what is broken down to split a larger molecule | hydrolysis
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| proteins that spend the rate of chemical reactions, they are biological catalysts | enzymes
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| the molecule that a particular enzyme acts upon | substrate
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| pockets on the enzyme where the substrate attaches | active site
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| inorganic enzyme activator | cofactor
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| organic enzyme activator | coenzyme
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| a chemical from the enviroment needed by the body | nutrient
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| body needs a large amount- carbs, lipids, proteins | macronutrients
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| body needs small amounts- vitamins, minerals | micronutrients
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| the amount of heat needed to raise the temputure of water, and cal or kcal = | calorie, 1000cals
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| carbohydrates uses in the body | immediate energy, short term energy storage, building some cell structures
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| broken into monosaccharides | digestion
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| lipids uses in the body | triglyceriods, phospholipids, steroids
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| kilocalories per gram in lipids = | 9.3
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| essential fatty acids or what required for phospholipid synthesis also linolenic | unoleic acid
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| kilocalories per gram in a protein | 4.5
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| breaks down proteins into what | amino acids
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| breaks triglycerides into what | glycerol and 3 fatty acids
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| if inadequate glucose or fat is available, the liver converts amino acids into glucose and produces ATP through cellular respiration...the conversion requires what | deamination producing NH3 waste
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| large organic molecules | vitamins
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| vitamins can also be called | coenzymes
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| there are two types of vitamins what are they fat soluble, and water soluble | A,D,E,K and BS,C
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| small inorganic ions or compounds | minerals
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| what are thease cooling, transport, waste removal, metabolism, shock absorber | water uses in the body
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| rate of chemical reactions measured by heat produced | metabolic rate
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| what are metabolic rate measured in | kcals
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| rate in the body produces heat while at rest | basal metabolic rate
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| in basal metabolic rate energy is used to what | regulate body temp, breathing, heartbeat, anabolism
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| kilocalories per gram in a carbohydrates | 3.7
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