Review of Protein Structure
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| Amino acids are joined by amide linkages called _______ forming linear chains called ______. | peptide bonds; polypeptides
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| The _________ group is covalently attached to the _________ group of the next amino acid. | a-Carboxyl group; a-Amino group
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| What is the byproduct of a peptide bond? | H20
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| Are peptide bonds broken when proteins get denatured? | No!
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| Peptide bonds are in the ______ configuration. | TRANS
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| A ______ residue causes limited flexibility due to it's nitrogen being incorporated into the Pyrrolidine ring | Proline
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| The carboxyl (-C=O) and amino (-NH) groups of thepeptide bond are polar and involved in _______ bonds. | Hydrogen
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| The ending of the name of each amino acid in a chain is changed to ____ except the one at the C-terminus | "yl"
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| The Linear Sequence of Amino Acids linked by peptide bonds that determines 3-D structure and the function of the protein. | Primary structure
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| Localized structures within proteins that are formed from hydrogen bonds between -C=O and -NH of the peptide bond. | Secondary structure
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| In ________ H-bonds are formed between the carbonyl oxygen of a peptide bond and the hydrogen attached to the amide group of a peptide bond that is 4 amino acids away | Alpha Helices
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| In _______ H-bonds are formed between linear regions of the polypeptide | Beta Sheets
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| What are the 2 comformations of Beta Sheets? | Parallel and Anti-parallel
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| What 2 amino acids are often involved in a B turn of a Beta Sheet? | Proline and Glycine
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| _______ make up 50% of most polypeptide chains | Loop/Coil
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| What three super secondary structures are often found in DNA binding proteins? | Helix-turn-helix, Zinc finger, Leucine zipper
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| The 3-D conformation of a protein | Tertiary structure
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| ______ interactions are the most important in the folding of the peptide chain. | Hydrophobic
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| Apart from Hydrophobic interactions, what other interactions help to form the tertiary structure of a protein? | Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds (electrostatic interactions), and S-S (disulfide bonds)
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| What is a domain? | Independent folding region that allows 1 protein to have multiple functions. Each domain has a specific function.
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| Found in proteins that have multiple subunits (multiple polypeptide chains) | Quaternary structure
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| Multiple subunits are held together by _________. | noncovalent interactions and/or disulfide bonds
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| _________ aid in protein folding during synthesis. They also prevent misfolding and protein aggregation | Chaperones
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| _____ is required for chaperones to fold proteins. | ATP
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| What structures do denatured proteins lose? | Secondary, Tertiary, quaternary
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| What can cause denaturization of proteins? | pH extremes, temperature, Ionic detergents, Organic solvents, Heavy Metal Ions, and Mechanical Stress.
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