Review of Amino Acid Metabolism
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| 3 sources of amino acids are: | 1. Body Protein 2. Dietary Protein 3. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids | ||||
| When does our body use protein as a source of energy? | When we have excess protein or a lack of Carbs and Lipids. | ||||
| List the essential amino acids: | Phe, Val, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Lys, Leu | ||||
| What amino acids are formed by transamination reactions? | Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate | ||||
| Alanine is formed from ______ using the enzyme ______. | Pyruvate; ALT (with glutamate as a cofactor) | ||||
| Aspartate is formed from ______ using the enzyme ________. | Oxaloacetate; AST | ||||
| Asparagine is formed from _______. | Aspartate | ||||
| Glutamine is formed from ________. | Glutamate | ||||
| In the formation of asparagine, _________ is the amide donor. | Glutamine | ||||
| Proline is formed from _______. | Glutamate | ||||
| Serine is formed from ________. | 3-phosphoglycerate (intermediate of glycolysis)or glycine | ||||
| Glycine is formed from _________. | Serine | ||||
| Cysteine is formed from _______. | Serine and Methionine | ||||
| Tyrosine is formed from _________. | Phenylalanine | ||||
| PKU is a disease that leads to CNS problems and pigmentation deficiencies and is caused by_____. | The absense of phenylalanine hydroxylase; the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. | ||||
| Homocystinuria is a disease that causes premature vascular disease and mental defects and is caused by ________. | An absence of the enzyme cystathionine synthase which catalyzes the creation of Cystine. | ||||
| 3 sources of amino acids are: | 1. Body Protein 2. Dietary Protein 3. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids | ||||
| When does our body use protein as a source of energy? | When we have excess protein or a lack of Carbs and Lipids. | ||||
| List the essential amino acids: | Phe, Val, Thr, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Lys, Leu | ||||
| What amino acids are formed by transamination reactions? | Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate | ||||
| Alanine is formed from ______ using the enzyme ______. | Pyruvate; ALT (with glutamate as a cofactor) | ||||
| Aspartate is formed from ______ using the enzyme ________. | Oxaloacetate; AST | ||||
| Asparagine is formed from _______. | Aspartate | ||||
| Glutamine is formed from ________. | Glutamate | ||||
| In the formation of asparagine, _________ is the amide donor. | Glutamine | ||||
| Proline is formed from _______. | Glutamate | ||||
| Serine is formed from ________. | 3-phosphoglycerate (intermediate of glycolysis)or glycine | ||||
| Glycine is formed from _________. | Serine | ||||
| Cysteine is formed from _______. | Serine and Methionine | ||||
| Tyrosine is formed from _________. | Phenylalanine | ||||
| PKU is a disease that leads to CNS problems and pigmentation deficiencies and is caused by_____. | The absense of phenylalanine hydroxylase; the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. | ||||
| Homocystinuria is a disease that causes premature vascular disease and mental defects and is caused by ________. | An absence of the enzyme cystathionine synthase which catalyzes the creation of Cystine. | ||||
| Ketogenic amino acids yield ______. | acetyl CoA or acetoacetate | ||||
| Glucogenic amino acids yield ______. | Pyruvate or Kreb cycle intermediates | ||||
| Aminotransferases (transaminases) depend on | Vitamin b6 | ||||
| The 2 most important aminotransferases are: | ALT and AST | ||||
| Alanine amino transferase (ALT) changes alanine and a-ketoglutarate into _________ | pyruvate and glutamate | ||||
| Aspartate amino transferase (AST) changes glutamate and a-ketoglutarate into ________ | Aspartate and oxaloacetate | ||||
| _________ are the sources of urea nitrogen. | Aspartate and ammonia | ||||
| ________ releases free ammonia for urea synthesis. | Oxidative deamination reaction of glutmatate. | ||||
| The oxidative deamination reaction of glutamate releases what products? | a-ketoglutarate + NH3 (ammonia) | ||||
| What enzyme is involved in the oxidative deamination of glutamate? | glutamate dehydrogenase | ||||
| Where is arginase found and what does it do? | Arginase is only found in the liver; It converts arginine to urea in the Urea cycle. | ||||
| What is the overall reaction of the Urea Cycle? | Aspartate + NH3 + CO2 + 3 ATP ----> Urea + Fumurate + 2 ADP + AMP + 2 Pi + PPi | ||||
| The first two reactions of the Urea cycle occur in the ________, and the remaining three take place in the __________. | Mitochondrial Matrix; Cytosol |
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Created by:
Rob Bryant
on 2011-09-19