anxiety disorders
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| anxiety disorder incidence | most common psych illness, more common in women(2:1), family pattern of communication maintain perception and response to anxiety, greatly disproportionate
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| types of anxiety | panic disorder, phobias, specific, PTSD, OCD, GAD
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| 4 levels of anxiety | contagious, transferred through empathy. include mild, moderate, severe, and panic
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| mild anxiety | increases motivation, sharpens senses, learning is enhances. occurs in normal experiences of everyday life
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| moderate anxiety | perceptual field diminish, attention span decrease, need help with problem solving, details excluded from observations. can be constructive
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| severe anxiety | can only focus on one detail, severely limited attention, behavior aimed at relief of anxiety. hyperventilation can occur w/ impending doom or dread
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| panic | unable to focus on anything, misperception of environment is common, delusions or hallucinations, fear of dying or going insane, prolonged episode can lead to physical and/or emotional exhaustion
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| behavioral adaptation response | response that stabilize biological processes and preserve self-esteem. influenced by perception of situation, heredity/temperament, learned responses, support system, maturity
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| ego defense mechanism | anxiety is inevitable, developed to cope w/ anxiety, w/out defense may not survive, operate on unconscious level, can deny-falsify- reality to make less threatening, healthy or unhealthy
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| mature healthy defense | altruism(meet others needsa), sublimation(substitute acceptable acitvity), humor, suppression(deny)
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| neurotic intermediate defense | repression, displacement, isolation, reaction, formation, undoing, rationalization, intellectualization
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| immature defenses | passive aggressive, act out, dissociation, projection, devaluation
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| psychotic defenses | denial of external reality(autism), distortion of external reality(delusions, hallucinations)
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| panic disorder | sudden onset of extreme apprehension of fear, usually assoc. w/ feelings of impending doom. may believe losing mind or having H/A, unpredictable onset
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| panic disorder and agoraphobia S/S | SOB, palpitations, angina, choking, chills, hot flashes, smothering sensations
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| agoraphobia | excessive fear or anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult. same symptoms of panic disorder
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| specific phobias | fear of a single object, activity, or situation (snakes, closed spaces, flying)
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| OCD | thoughts, impulses, or images that persist and recur that they cannot be dismissed from the mind. severe if it consumes much of ones mental processed impairing cognitive tasks
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| compulsions | ritualistic behaviors that an individual feels driven to perform in an attempt to reduce anxiety.
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| GAD | excessive anxiety or worry about numerous things that lasts for 6 months or longer. decision making is hard because poor concentration and dread of making wrong decision
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| GAD symptoms | restlessness, fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, tension, and sleep disturbance
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| PTSD | re-experiencing a highly traumatic event. symptoms may being w/in 3 months after trauma
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| PTSD major features | flashbacks, avoidance of stimuli, general numbing, irritable, difficult concentrating, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle repsonse
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| psychopharm-psychobiology effects | work by I or D release of a neurotransmitter into the synapse space of by I or D the sensitivity of its receptor site. if meds can alter imbalance mood disorders can be decreased
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| alcohol detox | diminish cravings, revia and campral used.
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| alcohol deterrents | antabuse, prevents breakdown of ETHOL. if the drink with med causes flushing, weak, N,V, monitor use of foods and products with alcohol..will get sick
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| opioids advantages | help reduce illicit opioid use, helps stay in tx, can be used in office-based setting.
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| opioid agents | dolophine(methodone) class II, revia, suboxone
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| medication classes to treat anxiety disorders | benzodiazepines, buspirons, SSRI, SNRI, TCA, MAOIs, beta-blockers, anxiolytic drugs,
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| benzodiazpines meds | xanax, valium, ativan, serax, librium, tranexe. ST tx, dependence and tolerance develop NOT for OCD and PTSD
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| BuSpar | less sedation that benzos, no dependence, 3 or more weeks to be effective, works best when used before benzos, alleviates anxiety
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| SSRI | celexa,lexapro,prozac,luvox,paxil, zoloft. first line tx for all anxiety disorders
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| SNRI | cymbalta and effexor. acts within 1-2 weeks, effexor is approved for PD,GAD,SAD
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| TCAS | elavil,anafranil,norpramin,sinequan, tofranil,ludiomil,pamelor,surmontil, ascendin. 2nd or 3rd line use for PD,GAD,SAD,OCD
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| beta blockers | inderal and tenormin. relieve physical signs of anxiety- decrease HR and Panic. act by attaching to sensors that direct arousal messages.
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| anxiety | feeling of tension,nervousness, apprehension,of fear that usually involves unpleasant reaction
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| anxiety s/s | sweating, fast HR, rapid breathing, and elevated BP
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| anxiolytics | used to prevent feelings of tension or fear
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| sedatives | used to calm patients and can make them unaware of their environment
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| hypnotics | help patients fall asleep by causing sedation
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| minor tranqs | produce a state of tranquility in anxious patients
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| benzodiazepines | most frequently used anxiolytic , prevent anxiety w/out causing much assoc. sedation. less likely to cause physical dependence
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| benzo action | act in limbic system and RAS to make GABA more effective, causing interference w/ neuron firing
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| anxiolytic/hypnotic meds | BuSpar,benadryl,lunesta,ambien
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