UMDNJSOM
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| All amino acids produce by living systems are called | alpha amino acids. they all have an amino group attached to the alpha carbon
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| Enantiomer | alpha-carbon is asymmetric. It is an enantiomer. Stereoisomer that exhibit a property called chirality. Mirror images.
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| All protein amino acids are what type of enantiomers | L Enantiomers. amino residue is on the left. Except for glycine.
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| Protein turnover | degradation of proteins. continuous process as proteins in the body are constantly replaced.
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| Amino Acid Uses in body | Source of nitrogen (75% for proteins, dna/rna, heme, Ach, hormones) and some can be used for energy during starvation.
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| Nonpolar aliphatic AA | glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine
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| Glycine | H, is a D-enantiomer
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| Alanine | CH3
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| Valine | CH
/ \
CH3 CH3
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| Leucine | CH2
CH
/ \
CH3 CH3
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| Isoleucine | CH- CH3
CH2
CH2
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| Aromatic(hydrophobic) AA | phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine.
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| Phenylalanine | CH2
Ph
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| Tryptophan | CH2-(2-amino)-cyclopentane-Ph
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| Tyrosine | CH2
Ph
OH
Can form hydrogen bonds through its OH- grouup.
Ability often used by cells to carry out protein function. Relatively reactive.
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| Positive Charged(Basic) Hydrophilic | Histidine, Lysine, Arginine.
Important in electrostatic interactions between substances (ie:dna binding)
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| Histidine | CH2
2-4-dinitro-cycolopentane
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| Lysine | Ch2
ch2
ch2
ch2
nh3+
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| Arginine | Ch2
ch2
ch2
nh
c=NH
NH3+
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| Negatively charged(acidic) hydrophilic | Aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, glutamine.
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| Aspartate | Ch2
C
// \
O O-
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| Glutamate | CH2
Ch2
C
// \
O O-
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| Asparagine | CH2
C
// \
O NH2
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| Glutamine | CH2
CH2
C
// \
O NH2
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| Hydroxyl Containing AA | Serine/Threonine. Hydrophilic group makes them more hydrophilic and reactive than alanine and valine. OH group hydrogen bonds
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| Serine | CH2
OH
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| Threonine | CH-OH
CH3
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| Cyclic AA | Proline. side chain bonded to both nitrogen and carbon atoms. It is THREE Carbon side chain. Top one bonds to alphacarbon. Bottom one bonds to amino end nitrogen. makes a cyclopentane.
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| Sulfur Containing AA | Cysteine and Methionine
SH group hydrogen bonds with water
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| Cysteine | CH2
SH
Important due to ability to form covalent bonds with other cysteine. Disulfide bonds.
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| Methionine | CH2
CH2
S
CH3
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| Essential Amino Acids | Essential for metabolism, health, growth, not synthesized by the body, must be obtained from food.
PVT TIM HALL
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