General Terms and definitions
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| cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the tisue | ||||
| phlegm | Mucus from the tracheobronchial tree that has not been contaminated by oral secretion | ||||
| crackles | airflow causes movement of excessive secretions or fluid in the airways | ||||
| tachy | Abnormally elevated | ||||
| subcutaneous | Beneath the skin | ||||
| Tachycardia | a condition in which the pulse rate exceeds 100 beats/minute | ||||
| sputum | Mucus from the respiratory tract that has passed through the mouth | ||||
| brady | Abnormally decreased | ||||
| adventitious lung sounds | abnormal lung sounds susperimposed on the basic underlying breath sounds | ||||
| Bradycardia | a condition in which the pulse rate is less than 50 beats/minute | ||||
| pedal edema | swelling of the lower extremities | ||||
| cough | one of the most common symptoms seen in patients with pulmonary disease | ||||
| orthodeoxia | oxygen desaturation on assuming an upright position | ||||
| orthopnea | dyspnea is present only when the patient assumes the reclining position | ||||
| platypnea | shortness of breath in the upright position | ||||
| hypothermia | a body temperature bbelow normal | ||||
| hematemesis | vomiting blood from the gastrointestinal tract | ||||
| diastolic pressure | force in the major arteries remaining after relaxation of the ventricles | ||||
| systolic pressure | peak force exerted in the major arteries during contraction of the left ventricle | ||||
| hypotension | blood pressure less than 95/60 mm Hg | ||||
| kussmaul's sign | under abnormal conditions the JVP may rise during inhalation | ||||
| brochophony | an increase in the intensity and clarity of vocal resonance produced by enhanced transmission of vocal vibrations | ||||
| bradypnea | slow respiratory rate | ||||
| postural hypotension | individuals sit or stand up have an abrupt fall in the blood pressure in hypovolemic patients | ||||
| pulsus paradoxus | a significant decrease in pulse strength during spontaneous inhalation | ||||
| stridor | loud high-pitched sound which sometimes can be heard without a stethoscope | ||||
| jugular venous distention | jugular vein is enlarged and it can be seen more than 3 ot 4 cm above the sternal angle, most common cause is right sided heart failure | ||||
| fetid | sputum that is foul smelling | ||||
| syncope | fainting | ||||
| hypertension | blood pressure is persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg | ||||
| purulent | sputum that contains pus cells | ||||
| Pulsus alternans | an alternating succession of strong and weak pulses (suggests left sided heart failure) | ||||
| Diaphoresis | sweating | ||||
| tachypnea | abnormally high respiratory rate | ||||
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood or blood-streaked sputum from the lungs | ||||
| dyspnea | shortness of breath as perceived by the patient | ||||
| febrile | Temperature elevation caused by disease is called fever and is said to be febrile | ||||
| Fever | an elevated body temperature due to disease | ||||
| tripodding | a patient sits upright while bracing his or her elbows on a table | ||||
| sensorium | patients orientation to time, place, and person | ||||
| hyperthermia | a body temperature above normal | ||||
| pulse pressure | pulse strength or amplitude | ||||
| lymphadenopathy | enlarged lymph nodes | ||||
| barrel chest | abnormal increase in AP(Anterior posterior) diameter | ||||
| retractions | intermittent sinking inward of the skin overlying the chest wall during inspiration | ||||
| kussmaul breathing | patients with diabetic ketoacidosis often breathe with a deep and rapid pattern | ||||
| hoovers sign | contraction of a flat diaphragm tend to draw in the lateral costal margins instead of expanding them | ||||
| abdominal paradox | recognized by inward movement of the anterior abdominal wall during inspiratory efforts and is seen best with the patient in the supine position | ||||
| respiratory alternans | pattern of breathing in which the patient alternates between having the accessory muscles dominate for a brief period (a few minutes) followed by a period in which the accessory muscles rest and the diaphragm takes over | ||||
| vocal fremitus | refers to the vibrations created by the vocal cords during speech | ||||
| tactile fremitus | vocal vibrations are felt on the chest wall | ||||
| subcutaneous emphysema | air leaks from the lung into subcutaneous tissues, fine air bubbles produce a crackling sound and sensation when palpated | ||||
| adventitious lung sounds | added sounds or vibrations produced by the movement of air through abnormal airways | ||||
| wheeze | continouse type of ALS | ||||
| heave | systolic thrust that is felt and possibly visualized near the lower left sternal border | ||||
| thrills | palpable vibrations | ||||
| gallop rhythm | the patient with heart disease who has an S3 and S4 | ||||
| murmurs | when the heart valves are incompetent or stenotic | ||||
| pulse deficit | the apical rate is higher than the peripheral pulse | ||||
| hepatomegaly | enlarged liver | ||||
| clubbing | painless enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes which develop over time | ||||
| adrenergic | drug that stimulates a receptor responding to epinephrine or norepinephrine "Sympathetic" | ||||
| antiadrenergic | drug that blocks a receptor for epinephrine or norepinephrine "parasympathetic" | ||||
| cholinergic | drug that stimulates a receptor for acetylcholine "parasympathetic" | ||||
| anticholinergic | drug that blocks a receptor for acetylcholine receptors specifically at parasympathetic nerve ending sites | ||||
| muscarinic | drug that stimulates acetylcholine receptors specifically at parasympathetic nerve ending sites |
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Created by:
Anthony Murphy
on 2011-09-13