lecture 33 greenberg
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| most important piece of hx for dx of fungal infections | pt's exposure to specific habitats
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| fungal cell walls | beta-1,3-glucans and chitin NOT PG like bacteria
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| all capsules are antiphagocytic, virulence factor | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| echinocandin target | beta-1,3-glucan, inhibit glucan synthesis
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| primary sterol in fungal cell walls | ergosterol, synthesis of it is interrupted by amphotericin B and azoles
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| dimorphic pathogens | alternate btwn yeast (in mammalian hosts) and mold forms (in soil), CAUSE OF ENDEMIC MYCOSES
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| pseudohyphae | typical of Candida, blastoconidia of yeast continue to grow into elongated sausage-like filaments
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| arthrospores | arthroconidia, conversion of preexisting entire hyphal element into smaller conidia that break loose and disseminate to cause dz (Cryptococcus)
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| macroconidia/microconidia | small and large conidial forms, typical of tineal infections
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| sporotrichosis | from rose thorn prick, gardener
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| characteristic endemic mycoses are typical of specific geographic regions |
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| histoplasmosis geographic region | Mississippi-Ohio River valley region, midwest US including North Texas
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| common mycological agar | Saboroud dextrose to inhbit growth of various bacteria
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| difference btwn bacteria and fungal ribosomes | bacteria: 30 and 50S = 70S
fungi: 80S = 40S + 60S
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| examples of systemic mycoses | Coccidiodes, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Penicillium
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| blastoconidia | another name for the yeast cell; ex. Candida albicans
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| risk factors for opportunistic mycoses like Cryptococcus and Pneumocystis | DM, lymphoma, HIV/AIDS, broad-spetrum abx, immunosuppressive tx, HOST GENE DEFECTS
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| superficial and cutaneous mycoses | tinea versicolor, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, etc.
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| subcutaneous mycoses | introduced through trauma to feet or legs, sometimes hands; ex. = sporotrichosis
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| most important factors that can dictate pathogenicity of fungal infections | size of inoculum, whether or not there is a sufficient # of functional neutrophils/alveolar macrophages, ability of the fungus to go from mold form to yeast in human
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| organisms that stain with GS for whatever reason | Candida and Cryptococcus, don't confuse them with bacteria
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