lecture 33 greenberg
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| most important piece of hx for dx of fungal infections | pt's exposure to specific habitats | ||||
| fungal cell walls | beta-1,3-glucans and chitin NOT PG like bacteria | ||||
| all capsules are antiphagocytic, virulence factor | Cryptococcus neoformans | ||||
| echinocandin target | beta-1,3-glucan, inhibit glucan synthesis | ||||
| primary sterol in fungal cell walls | ergosterol, synthesis of it is interrupted by amphotericin B and azoles | ||||
| dimorphic pathogens | alternate btwn yeast (in mammalian hosts) and mold forms (in soil), CAUSE OF ENDEMIC MYCOSES | ||||
| pseudohyphae | typical of Candida, blastoconidia of yeast continue to grow into elongated sausage-like filaments | ||||
| arthrospores | arthroconidia, conversion of preexisting entire hyphal element into smaller conidia that break loose and disseminate to cause dz (Cryptococcus) | ||||
| macroconidia/microconidia | small and large conidial forms, typical of tineal infections | ||||
| sporotrichosis | from rose thorn prick, gardener | ||||
| characteristic endemic mycoses are typical of specific geographic regions | |||||
| histoplasmosis geographic region | Mississippi-Ohio River valley region, midwest US including North Texas | ||||
| common mycological agar | Saboroud dextrose to inhbit growth of various bacteria | ||||
| difference btwn bacteria and fungal ribosomes | bacteria: 30 and 50S = 70S fungi: 80S = 40S + 60S | ||||
| examples of systemic mycoses | Coccidiodes, Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Penicillium | ||||
| blastoconidia | another name for the yeast cell; ex. Candida albicans | ||||
| risk factors for opportunistic mycoses like Cryptococcus and Pneumocystis | DM, lymphoma, HIV/AIDS, broad-spetrum abx, immunosuppressive tx, HOST GENE DEFECTS | ||||
| superficial and cutaneous mycoses | tinea versicolor, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, etc. | ||||
| subcutaneous mycoses | introduced through trauma to feet or legs, sometimes hands; ex. = sporotrichosis | ||||
| most important factors that can dictate pathogenicity of fungal infections | size of inoculum, whether or not there is a sufficient # of functional neutrophils/alveolar macrophages, ability of the fungus to go from mold form to yeast in human | ||||
| organisms that stain with GS for whatever reason | Candida and Cryptococcus, don't confuse them with bacteria |
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Created by:
sirprakes
on 2011-09-13