lecture 30 lee
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| 2 forms of protozoa | cyst and trophozoite
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| trophozoite | actively feeding organisms in the host niche
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| protozal cysts | metabolically inactive form that can survive under very unfavorable conditions, resistant to chlorination and drying
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| 2 organisms that DO NOT HAVE cyst form | Dientamoeba fragilis and Trichomonas vaginalis
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| schizogony in protozoa | binary fission or asexual reproduction in humans
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| sporogony in protozoa | sexual reproduction, usually restricted to within insect vectors
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| how to dx intestinal protozoa | stool O&P - using wet mount with saline or iodine or trichome staining
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| protozoa that stain with acid-fast agents | Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Cyclospora (sporozoans)
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| most common protozoal infection in the US | Giardia lamblia
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| early vs late Trypanosoma cruzi infection | Chagas dz: early - parisitemia with nonfocal fever syndrome; late - aka 1-2 decades later, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias, megacolon or esophagus
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| characteristics of Plasmodium on blood smear | look like headphones (just as Babesia does) within the RBCs, banana-shaped gametocyte
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| the only helminth that multiplies within the human host | Strongyloides stercoralis, means larvae can be found in stool!! (not eggs)
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| characteristic systemic changes that reflect parasite responses | eosinophilia (characteristic of migrating worms), edema, arthralgia
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| pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) | infect young children and cause nocturnal anal pruritis, eggs will stick to scotch tape
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| Loeffler's syndrome | cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, eosinophilic pneumonitis can occur during the lung phase of larval migration; you cough up sputum and swallow it then the roundworms get to GI tract
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| most common helminth infection in humans | roundworks (Ascaris lumbricoides)
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| how hookworms infect | larvae in soil penetrate skin in foot perhaps, attach to intestine and eggs are in stool
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| Diphyllobothrium latum | fresh water FISH (sushi) and perNISHous anemia
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| cysticercosis | humans eat eggs of Taenia solium, common cause of sz in endemic areas especially in young adults
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| cause of swimmer's itch | blood flukes or Schistosomes that invade humans accidentally; they live in fresh water. remember - worse on repeat exposure
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| forms Maltese crosses/tetrads, causes hemolytic anemia and is endemic to Martha's Vineyard or the East Coast | Babesi microti
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