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| Alimentary canal from beginning to end | oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus |
| digestive accessory organs | salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
| 3 primary functions of the digestive system | intake and/or digestion, absorption, elimination |
| What is the study of the Pharynx and Esophagus called? | Esophagram or Barium Swallow |
| WHat is the study of the distal Esophagus, Stomach, Duodenum called? | Upper Gastrointestinal Series (UGI) or Upper GI |
| Preferred Contrast Medium | Barium Sulfate |
| Connects posteriorly to the pharynx | Oral cavity/ mouth |
| Oral cavity accessory organss | salivary glands |
| chewing | mastication |
| swallowing | deglutition |
| glands that secrete saliva | parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| Saliva is ___% water and ___% solutes | 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes |
| The trachea is <anterior/posterior> to the epiglottis. | anterior |
| 3 parts of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| During the process of deglutition, what is done to prevent substances from being regurgitated through the nose or going down the larynx? | the soft palate closes off the nasopharynx and the epiglottis is depressed to cover the laryngeal opening |
| 3rd part of the alimentary canal that terminates at the stomach | Esophagus |
| narrowest portion of the alimentary canal | swallowing tube |
| 2 indentations present on the esophagus (descending, posterior to mediastinum) | 1. at the aortic arch 2. where the esophagus crosses left primary bronchus |
| Esophagus passes through the diaphragm slightly to the ____ and _____ to the midpoint. | left, posterior |
| abdominal segment of the esophagus, measures between 1 and 2 cm | cardiac antrum |
| opening between esophagus and stomach | Esophagogastric junction/ Cardiac orifice |
| Peristalsis | wavelike series of involuntary muscle contractions propelling solid and semi-solid material through the alimentary canal |
| How would you compensate for peristalsis while taking a radiograph? | use a faster time |
| Most dilated portion of the alimentary canal | stomach |
| notch directly superior to the cardiac orifice | cardiac notch |
| opening leaving the distal stomach | pyloric orifice |
| curvature on the medial border of the stomach, forms a concave border | lesser curvature |
| curvature that is 4 to 5 times greater than the other | greater |
| 3 stomach subdivisions | fundus, body or corpus, pyloric portion |
| portion of the stomach that lies lateral and superior to the cardiac orifice | fundus |
| lower end of the stomach, seperating the body from the pylorus | angular notch |
| 2 parts of the pyloric portion | pyloric antrum, pyloric canal |
| numerous longitudinal gastric folds | rugae |
| 2 positions that will show barium in the fundus | AP/ LPO |
| 3 positions that will show air in the fundus | erect/ PA/ RAO |
| shortest, widest and most fixed portion of the small bowel | duodenum |
| What is the romance of the abdomen | the head of the pancreas fits into the c-loop of the duodenum |
| 4 parts of the duodenum | superior, descending, horizontal, ascending |
| what is the junction of the duodenum and the jejunum called? | duodenojejunal flexure |
| What holds the duodenaljejunal flexure in place? | ligament of treitz |
| 2 divisions of digestion | mechanical process and chemical component |
| result of stomach contents mixing and churning into a semi-fluid mass | chyme |
| gastric emptying takes approx. ______hours. | 2-6 |
| foods with a high _________content pass through faster than foods with high _____ or _______. | carbohydrates, fat, protein |
| ______ _______ in the small intestine helps to facilitate absorpion | rhythmic segmentation |
| Peristalsis is stronger in the _______ and _______. It is weaker in the _______. | esophagus, stomach, small intestine |
| 6 different classes of chmical digestion | carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water |
| complex sugars | carbs |
| fats | lipids |
| _______ speed up chemical digestion. they are found in the _______, _____, | enzymes. salivary glands in mouth, small bowel, stomach and pancreas |
