AP psychology chapter 6 vocab
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| Memory | the mental capacity or faculty of retaining and reviving facts, events, impressions, etc., or of recalling or recognizing previous experiences.
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| Flashbulb memory | A flashbulb memory is a memory laid down in great detail during a personally significant event, often a shocking event of national or international importance. These memories are perceived to have a "photographic" quality
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| Encode | to convert a message or information into code
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| Store | to accumulate or put away, for future use
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| Retrieve | to recover something from memory
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| Sensory memory | ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. It refers to items detected by the sensory receptors which are retained temporarily in the sensory registers and which have a large capacity for unprocessed info.
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| Short-term memory | sometimes referred to as "primary," "working," or "active" memory, is that part of memory which stores a limited amount of information for a few seconds
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| Long-term memory | is memory, stored as meaning, that can last as little as 30 seconds or as long as decades. It differs structurally and functionally from working memory or short-term memory, which ostensibly stores items for only around 30 seconds.
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| eposodic memory | memory for specific events in time
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| semantic memory | refers to knowledge about the external world, such as the function of a pencil
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| Proceedual memory | refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil or ride a bicycle. This type of memory is encoded and probably stored by the cerebellum and the striatum.
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| rehearsal | the act of repeating or relating something so it will not be lost in memory.
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| Hermann Ebbinghaus | German psychologist who pioneered experimental study of memory, and discovered the forgetting curve and the learning curve.
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| spacing effect | way of memorizing by spacing information accordingly instead of trying to cram it in quickly.
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| chunking | the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
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| automatic processing | doing things you don't have to think about, that come naturally like walking.
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| Effortful processing | recalling information after a long break
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| Serial position effect | tendency to remember things that happened first and last but forget things in the middle
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| Recentcy effect | tendency to remember the most recent things that happened
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| Primacy effect | tendency to remember the first things that took place and forget the information in the middle.
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| acoustic encoding | learning by hearing information
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| visual encoding | attaching meaning from a visual item
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| semantic encoding | knowing the definition of words
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| ionic memory | remembering visual stimuli
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| echodic memory | remembering auditory stimuli
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| implict memory | retention of independant concious recollection
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| priming | activating parts of particular representations or associations in memory just before carrying out an action or task
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| Attention | the selection of some incoming information for further pr.ocessing
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| Rote rehearsal | retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over.
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| Automaticity | through rote rehearsal repetive memorization that becomes memory to perform a task flawlessly.
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| Elaborative rehearsal | the linking of new information in short term memory to familiar memories stored in long term memory.
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| Schema (schemata) | A set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past expirences or long-term memory.
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| Declarative memory | episodic or semantic merories that we can put into words.
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| Emotional memory | learned emotional responses to various stimuli.
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| Decay theory | theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting.
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| Korsakoff's syndrom | chrongic alcoholism that leads to amnesia caused by a vitamen deficentency in a poor diet.
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| retrograde amnesia | the inabiltiy to recall events preceeding an accident or injury by without loss of earlie memory.
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| proactive interference | the proccess by which new information interferes with information already in memory studied by paired-associcate learning.
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| cue-dependant forgetting | when enviormental cues that were present during learning but absent during recall the effect to remember is less successful.
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| state-dependant memory | infulenced by enviormemntal cues, our ability to accuratly recall information is effected by internal cues.
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| Mnemonics | techniques used to make material easier to remember.
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| Autobiographical memories | form an episodic memory refers to recollection of events that have taken place in one's life.
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| Temproal landmarks | special reference points in one's life that play an important role in organizing autographical memories.
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| Event clusters theory | material and events that are causally related or similar in content are embedded into a common event cluster.
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| Childhood amnesia | the difficulty adults have remembering expirences from their first two years of life.
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| recovered memories | a person forgets something then remembers usually under hypnosis or psychotherapy.
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