lecture 6 greenberg
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| dysentery | diarrhea with blood and/or pus, usually accompanied by fever
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| enterotoxin | toxin secreted into intestinal lumen that causes secretion of fluid into it
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| septicemia | fever syndrome characterized by bacteria in bloodstream
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| zoonosis | infectious dz that primarily affects animals but where humans can be accidental hosts
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| accounts for > 90% of all UTIs especially in young women | E. coli
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| type 1 pilin and P fimbriae | specific to E. coli and allow it to attach well to urothelium
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| capsular antigen found on strains of E. coli causing neonatal meningitis | K1 antigen (capsular)
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| E. coli heat-labile toxin is associated with what dz? | traveler's diarrhea through plasmid, much like cholera mechanism
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| E. coli heat-stable toxin activates what intracellular enzyme? | guanylate cyclase, also fluid secretions causing diarrhea
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| EHEC toxin aka ______, why? | Shiga-like toxin, causes bloody diarrhea like Shigella
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| most famous strain of EHEC | O157:H7
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| Shiga toxin is ____lytic | cytolytic, destroyed intestinal epithelium leaks fluid and blood into stool
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| four most common Shigella species that cause dysentery in humans | sonnei, flexneri, boydii and dysenteriae
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| most common clinical manifestations of Salmonella enterica infection | enterocolitis, bacteremia with focal lesions and enteric fever
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| Salmonella enterica is classified into its subgroups using what? | O-antigen serotyping -- groups A-D most affect humans
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| Name the two Yersinia species that can mimic appendicitis | enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis
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| Yersinia and Salmonella both tend to reside and replicate within _______ | macrophages preferentially; they are intracellular pathogens
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| cause of the bubonic plague | Yersinia pestis
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| carrier for bubonic plague | rat flea carries from rat to rat then bites humans to infect them (zoonotic)
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| striking physical exam finding of pt with bubonic plague | massive lymph node enlargement, possibly near point of rupture
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| tell-tale method of identifying Yersinia just with Gram-staining and microscope | safety pin appearance, bipolar staining on Gram stain
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| 2 definitive tests for identifying Salmonella in lab | presence of hydrogen sulfide, oxidase negative
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| causative agent/mechanism of cholera | Vibrio cholerae A/B toxin, causes buildup of cAMP, Gs can't turn off --> massive diarrhea
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| Vibrio species that cause gastroenteritis syndrome | vulnificus and parahaemolyticus
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| individuals who eat _______ are at higher risk for Vibrio gastroenteritis | raw shellfish
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| natural habitat for Vibrio species | salt water
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| natural habitat for Aeromonas | fresh water
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| distinguishing feature of Aeromonas compared to other fermentative bacteria | oxidase +
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| organism that grows preferentially at 42 deg Celsius (in bird GI tracts) | Campylobacter spp
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| most important causative bacteria of bloody diarrhea in the US | Campylobacter jejuni
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| most common cause of CAP in the immunocompromised (CF, HIV/AIDS) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| Pseudomonas' ability to live in tap water makes it successful at causing which infections? | swimmer's ear (otitis externa)
cutaneous rash illness from being in hot tubs
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| cause of wound infections in soldiers in Iraq | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (baumanii)
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| multiple drug-resistant oxidase positive GN coccobacillus that causes nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated pts | Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (baumanii)
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| Moraxella catarrhalis is resistant largely to _______ | PCN
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| factors absolutely required for Haemophilus growth on agar plates | increased CO2, heme and NAD
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| Haemophilus ducreyi is an STD that causes | chancroids on genitalia
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| 3 toxins produced by Bordetella pertussis | pertussis toxin, adenylyl cyclase, tracheal cytotoxin
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| 2 species in Bordetella that cause whooping cough-like syndromes | B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica
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| Brucella reaches humans how? | ingestion of food like unpasteurized cheese, zoonosis
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| most common causative organism of meningitis in young adults or anyone in close quarters | Neisseria meningitidis
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| 2 common virulence factors of Neisseria gonorrhoae | pillin, lipooligosaccharide
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| areas where anaerobes predominate | GI tract, mouth, skin, sweat glands, hair follicles
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| Neisseria gonorrhoae ferments ______ for energy | glucose only
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| Neisseria meningitidis ferments ______ for energy | maltose and glucose
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