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BiologicalMembranes.

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Name the water compartments in the body, their subcompartments, and % body weight   *Water is 60% of body weight* Intracellular fluid (ICF) -40% of water weight -single compartment Extracellular fluid (ECF) -20% of water weight -Plasma (5%) -Interstitial (15%)  
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Cations, Anions, and Proteins in ICF and ECF   -electrolytes (Na,K,Cl,proteins) -glucose and urea -ICF main cation K, main anion phosphate and proteins -ECF main cation Na, main anion Cl and HCO3 -plasma has more protein  
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Functions of Biological Membranes   -normal cell composition -form important scaffolds (for attachment of enzymes) -receptor of external signals  
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Components of Biological Membranes   -lipid bilayer w/ various proteins -integral membrane proteins (directly in bilayer) -peripheral membrane proteins, inner or outer surface -carbohydrates  
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Composition of protein and lipid   -generally = -inner mitochondrian membrane=70% protein -schwann cell membranes=20% protein  
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Carbohydrates are covalently linked to membrane proteins or lipids where?   -Outter surface of plasma membrane -luminal surface of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes  
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Structure of Glycerophospholipid (phosphoglyceride)   -polar head group -phosphate -glycerol (O)CH2(O)CH(O)CH2 -Hydrophobic tail (long CH chain)  
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Properties of membrane spanning portion of an integral membrane protein   -1+ hydrophobic regions pass through bilayer -forms a helix -R groups protrude in radial manner -C=O and H-N shield from lipid bilayer  
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4 ways peripheral membrane proteins attach to bilayer   -+ charged residues form electrostatic interactions with - charged membrane lipids -hydrophobic tail inserted into bilayer -covalently linked to phosphatidylinositol -bound to integral membrane proteins  
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Channel vs. Pore   -tunnels through bilayer allow passing of ions or molecules by diffusion -most gated and controled by ligands or voltage changes -pore=nonspecific except for size -channel=ion specific  
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Gap Junctions vs. Nicotinic-acetylcholine receptor   -gap=pores allow movement between two adjacent cells, permitting metabolic coordination -NA rec.=ligand gated Na channel binds AcCo from neuron causing conformational change  
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Defective ion channels in mayathenia gravis and cystic fibrosis   -autoimmune disease producing antibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, interfere or destrow receptor at neuromuscular junction -mutations affecting Cl channel allowing accumulation of thick mucous secretions in lungs  
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Facilitated diffusion vs. passive diffusion   -facilitated diffusion requires specific transport proteins that move in direction of concentration gradient -more rapid than passive diffusion and displays saturation kinetics  
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GLUT protein family   -carries out glucose transport into RBC's -affinity for glucose is much higher than for other sugars  
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Active transport   -moves substances against concentration gradient and requires energy -energy via ATP  
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Secondary Active Transport   -requires electrochemical or ion gradients -ATP required to maintain ion gradient  
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Symport vs. Antiport   -Symport=substance moves into cell with Na -Antiport=substance moves out as Na moves in  
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Na/K ATPase and its function what is a drug that inhibits it?   -P type pump requiring phosphorylation of pump protein -E1 (high affinity for Na)<>E2 (high affinity for K) -transition triggered by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of protein -digitalis (cardiotonic steroid)  
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a-neurotoxins   -paralize by blocking action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -tubocurarine, a-cobratoxin  
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Cholesterol and membrane structure   -can increase and decrease fluidity -at body temp, immobilizes fatty acul chains limiting fluidity -at reduced temp, prevents tight packing of fatty acyl tails maintaining fluidity  
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Integral membrane protein   inserted directly into bilayer along with various proteins  
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Peripheral membrane proteins   associated with inner or outter surface of membrane  
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Created by: MastamikeOD
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