WVSOM biocehm lecture 2
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| lactose is made of | glucose/galactose
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| sucrose is made of | glucose/fructose
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| maltose is made of | glucose/glucose
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| Epimers only differ at | One Stereocenter, such as d-glucose and d-galactose
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| Only monosaccarides are absorbed in digestion | true
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| maltose is found in the | digestion of complex carbs and grains
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| sucrose is found in | fruits, table sugar,honey, processed foods
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| lactose | milk, dairy products
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| unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points in the saturated fatty acids due to . | kinks that are formed by the double bonds resulting in less stacking .
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| longer the fatty acid chain,________ the melting point. | higher .
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| Most Common Saturated Fatty Acids | long chain 12-20 carbons, even carbon #, saturated such as Palmitate (C16) and Stearate (C18) (mainly found in animal fat)
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| Most common unsaturated fatty acids | oleate(C18:1 at 19) linoleate(C18:2 at 9/12) linolenate (C18:3 9/12/15).
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| arachidonate, | C20:4 5,8,11,14,
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| Essential Fatty Acids | Linoleate and Linolenate, must be obtained from diet
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| Arachidonate is | not an essential fatty acid, C20:4 5,8,11,14
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| Major acids produced by the body | phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, ketone bodies acetoacetic acid and B-hydroxybutyric acid, C02 is also produced which combines with H20 to form carbonic acid catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase
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| C02 + H20 -->H2C03 ---> H+ + HC03- | catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase
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| Acetazolamide blocks | carbonic anhydrase and is usedd to treat glaucoma and altitude sickness
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| The oxidation of glucose results in _________ and is done by ___________ | gluconic acid, glucose oxidase, which is what labs use on dipsticks to test for glucose in urine
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| Grey baby Syndrome | infants are unable to utilize oxidized glucose (glucoronic acid) to conjugate the drug chloramphenicol(antibiotic) results in high levels and toxicity
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| glucose is reduced to | sorbitol and galactitol, sorbitol does not readily diffuse out of cells, it accumulates and can result in osmotic damage, cataracts and neuropathy
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| Doctors can detect glucose in the urine using glucose oxidase dipstick tests, but what can they use to detect other sugars | REDUCING SUGAR TESTs
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| Reducing sugar tests pick up what sugars | Sucrose, galactose and fructose
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| Glycine | amino acid with no side chain, functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter and inhibited by strychnine
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