Comparison of Alkalosis and Acidosis
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| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45
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| Normal PCO2 | 35-45
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| Normal HCO3 | 22-26
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| Alkalosis pH | >7.45
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| Acidosis pH | <7.35
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| PCO2 >45 | respiratory acidosis
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| PCO2 <35 | respiratory alkalosis
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| HCO3 >26 | metabolic alkalosis
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| HCO3 <22 | metabolic acidosis
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| If PCO2 between 35-45 then | No respiratory problems and no respiratory compensation for metabolic problems
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| if HCO3 between 22-26 then | No primary metabolic problems and the kidneys are not compensating for respiratory problems
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| If PCO2 >45 then | Respiratory retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic alkalosis
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| If PCO2 <35 then | Respiratory retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis
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| If HCO3 <22 then | Kidneys are attempting to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
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| If HCO3 >26 then | Kidneys are attempting to compensate for repiratory acidosis
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| Causes of respiratory alkalosis | Alveolar hyperventilation
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| Causes of respiratory acidosis | Alveolar hypoventilation
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| Causes of metabolic alkalosis | Bicarbonate ingestion, vomiting, diuretics, steroids, adrenal disease
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| Causes of metabolic acidosis | Diabetic, lactic, or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea
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| Signs/Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis | Dizziness, syncope, tingling, numbness, early tetany
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| Signs/Symptoms respiratory acidosis | Early: anxiety, restlessness, dyspnea, headache; Late: confusion, somnolence, coma
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| Signs/Symptoms metabolic alkalosis | Vague symptoms: weakness, mental dullness, possible early tetany
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| Signs/Symptoms metabolic acidosis | Secondary hyperventilation (Kussmaul's breathing), nausea and vomiting, cardiac dysrhythmias, lethargy, and coma
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| 7.35- 7.45 | normal ph
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| 35 -45 | normal CO2
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| 22-26 | normal HCO3
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