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Gastrointestinal System Ch5 Terminology

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Answer
Prefixes: A-   no; not; without  
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Prefixes: Dys-   bad; painful; abnormal; difficult  
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Prefixes: Hyper-   excessive; above  
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Prefixes: Par-   near; beside  
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Prefixes: Peri-   around; surrounding  
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Prefixes: Sub-   under; below  
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Suffixes: -ectomy   removal; excision; resection  
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Suffixes: -emesis   to vomit  
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Suffixes: -pepsia   digestion  
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Suffixes: -rrhea   discharge; flow  
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Suffixes: -scopy   visual examination  
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Suffixes: -stalsis   contraction  
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Suffixes: -stomy   new opening  
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Suffixes: -tresia   opening  
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Combining forms: Append/o, appendic/o   appendix  
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Combining forms: Cholecyst/o   gallbladder  
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Combining forms: Col/o, colon/o   colon  
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Combining forms: Dent/i; odont/o   teeth  
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Combining forms: Enter/o   small intestines  
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Combining forms: Esophag/o   esophagus  
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Combining forms: Gastr/o   stomach  
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Combining forms: Hepat/o   liver  
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Combining forms: Or/o   oral cavity  
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Combining forms: Pancreat/o   pancreas  
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Combining forms: Proct/o   rectum and anus  
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Combining forms: Aliment/o   nutrition  
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Combining forms: Phag/o   eat or swallow  
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Combining forms: Cheil/o, labi/o   lips  
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Inner GI layer   tunica mucosa  
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Middle GI layer   submucosa  
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Outer GI layer   tunica muscularis  
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Peristalsis   contractions and relaxations in the intestines in a wavelike movement to move food through the digestive tract  
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Ingestion   intake of food  
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Digestion   breakdown of food  
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Absorption   extracting nutrients  
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Elimination   excretion of waste products  
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Route through Body   -Oral cavity -Mediastinal cavity -Abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity: stomach and intestines)  
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Mastication   chewing  
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Deglutition   swallowing  
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Cheeks   bucc/o  
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Tongue   gloss/o, lingu/o  
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Palate   palat/o (roof of mouth)  
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Gums   gingiv/o  
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uvula   uvul/o  
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salivary glands   sialaden/o saliva (sial/o)  
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Parotid   near the ear  
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Sublingual   under the tongue  
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Submandibular   lower jaw  
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Maxilla   upper jaw  
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Mandible   lower jaw  
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Pharynx   (pharyng/o) nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (tube that connects the oral cavity with the esophagus)  
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Bolus   chewed lump of food  
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lower esophageal sphincter (LES)/cardiac sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter   muscle that relaxes before food enters the stomach  
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Sphincter   ringlike muscle  
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Duodenum   first part (proximal) of small intestine  
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Jejunum   second part of small intestine  
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Ileum   third part (distal) of the small intestine  
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Cecum   first part of the large intestines -Ileocecal sphincter -veriform appendix  
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Accessory organs (Adnexa)   -Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas  
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Liver functions to ...   produce bile  
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Liver located ...   RUQ  
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Location/lobes   lob/o  
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Bile   emulsifies fats, composed of bilirubin and cholesterol  
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Process of bile:   bile in liver - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins with cystic duct from gallbladder to form the common bile duct - empties bile into the duodenum  
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Gallbladder located:   RUQ stores bile from liver  
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Pancreas located:   RUQ & LUQ exocrine function of the pancreas is key in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids  
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Common Bile Duct   choledoch/o  
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Dyspepsia   indigestion  
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Eructation   burping, belching  
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Halitosis   bad smelling breath  
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Pyrosis   heartburn  
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Hiccup   singultus  
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Flatus   expelled gas  
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Hematochezia   passage of bloody stool  
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Suffixes: -chezia   condition of stools  
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Melena   black, tarry stools  
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Esophagal atresia   esophagus ends in a blind pouch - no opening to stomach  
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Hirschsprung disease   absence of normal nervous function (megacolon)  
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Pyloric stenosis   muscle between stomach and small intestine narrows or fails to open  
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Dental caries   cavities  
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Malocclusion   poor closure  
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Leukoplakia   white patches  
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Pyorrhea   discharge of pus in oral cavity  
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Dysphagia   difficulty swallowing  
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(GERD) Gastroesophageal reflux disease   flowing back of contents of the stomach to the esophagus  
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(PUD) Peptic ulcer disease   erosion of protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum  
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Anal fissure   cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus  
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Fistula   abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body  
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Hemorrhoid   varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus  
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Pruritus ani   chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus  
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Crohn disease   inflammation of the ileum or the colon  
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Intussusception   inward telescoping of the intestines  
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Paralytic ileus   lack of peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract  
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Volvulus   twisting of the intestines  
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Jaundice   yellowing of the skin  
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Hepatitis A   direct contact with fecally contaminated food or water  
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Hepatitis B   through contaminated blood or sexual contact  
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Hepatitis C   through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing infected needles  
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Cholelithiasis   gall stones  
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Hiatal hernia   protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm  
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Hemangioma   tumor of the blood vessels  
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Leiomyoma   smooth muscle tumor  
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Polyp   benign growth that may occur in the intestines  
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(SCCA) squamous cell carcinoma   arises from the cells that cover the surfaces of the body  
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Bile vessels   cholangi/o  
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Fluoroscopy   X-ray that allows visualization of structures in real time  
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Anastomoses   new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures  
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Ligat/o   tying  
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Lysis of adhesions   surgical destruction of adhesions  
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Paracentesis   withdrawing fluid from a body cavity  
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Pyloromyotomy   incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction  
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Odontectomy   removal of a tooth  
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Polypectomy   removal of a polyp  
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Stomatoplasty   surgical repair of the mouth  
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ERCP   endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography  
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APR   anterior posterior repair  
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lap. Chole   laparoscopic cholecystectomy  
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Fold   plic/o  
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Sweet, Sugar   glu/o  
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Melan   black, dark  
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Suffixes: -plakia   condition of patches  
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Suffixes: -chalasia   condition of relaxation  
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