Gastrointestinal System Ch5 Terminology
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| Prefixes: A- | no; not; without | ||||
| Prefixes: Dys- | bad; painful; abnormal; difficult | ||||
| Prefixes: Hyper- | excessive; above | ||||
| Prefixes: Par- | near; beside | ||||
| Prefixes: Peri- | around; surrounding | ||||
| Prefixes: Sub- | under; below | ||||
| Suffixes: -ectomy | removal; excision; resection | ||||
| Suffixes: -emesis | to vomit | ||||
| Suffixes: -pepsia | digestion | ||||
| Suffixes: -rrhea | discharge; flow | ||||
| Suffixes: -scopy | visual examination | ||||
| Suffixes: -stalsis | contraction | ||||
| Suffixes: -stomy | new opening | ||||
| Suffixes: -tresia | opening | ||||
| Combining forms: Append/o, appendic/o | appendix | ||||
| Combining forms: Cholecyst/o | gallbladder | ||||
| Combining forms: Col/o, colon/o | colon | ||||
| Combining forms: Dent/i; odont/o | teeth | ||||
| Combining forms: Enter/o | small intestines | ||||
| Combining forms: Esophag/o | esophagus | ||||
| Combining forms: Gastr/o | stomach | ||||
| Combining forms: Hepat/o | liver | ||||
| Combining forms: Or/o | oral cavity | ||||
| Combining forms: Pancreat/o | pancreas | ||||
| Combining forms: Proct/o | rectum and anus | ||||
| Combining forms: Aliment/o | nutrition | ||||
| Combining forms: Phag/o | eat or swallow | ||||
| Combining forms: Cheil/o, labi/o | lips | ||||
| Inner GI layer | tunica mucosa | ||||
| Middle GI layer | submucosa | ||||
| Outer GI layer | tunica muscularis | ||||
| Peristalsis | contractions and relaxations in the intestines in a wavelike movement to move food through the digestive tract | ||||
| Ingestion | intake of food | ||||
| Digestion | breakdown of food | ||||
| Absorption | extracting nutrients | ||||
| Elimination | excretion of waste products | ||||
| Route through Body | -Oral cavity -Mediastinal cavity -Abdominopelvic cavity (peritoneal cavity: stomach and intestines) | ||||
| Mastication | chewing | ||||
| Deglutition | swallowing | ||||
| Cheeks | bucc/o | ||||
| Tongue | gloss/o, lingu/o | ||||
| Palate | palat/o (roof of mouth) | ||||
| Gums | gingiv/o | ||||
| uvula | uvul/o | ||||
| salivary glands | sialaden/o saliva (sial/o) | ||||
| Parotid | near the ear | ||||
| Sublingual | under the tongue | ||||
| Submandibular | lower jaw | ||||
| Maxilla | upper jaw | ||||
| Mandible | lower jaw | ||||
| Pharynx | (pharyng/o) nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx (tube that connects the oral cavity with the esophagus) | ||||
| Bolus | chewed lump of food | ||||
| lower esophageal sphincter (LES)/cardiac sphincter/gastroesophageal sphincter | muscle that relaxes before food enters the stomach | ||||
| Sphincter | ringlike muscle | ||||
| Duodenum | first part (proximal) of small intestine | ||||
| Jejunum | second part of small intestine | ||||
| Ileum | third part (distal) of the small intestine | ||||
| Cecum | first part of the large intestines -Ileocecal sphincter -veriform appendix | ||||
| Accessory organs (Adnexa) | -Liver -Gallbladder -Pancreas | ||||
| Liver functions to ... | produce bile | ||||
| Liver located ... | RUQ | ||||
| Location/lobes | lob/o | ||||
| Bile | emulsifies fats, composed of bilirubin and cholesterol | ||||
| Process of bile: | bile in liver - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins with cystic duct from gallbladder to form the common bile duct - empties bile into the duodenum | ||||
| Gallbladder located: | RUQ stores bile from liver | ||||
| Pancreas located: | RUQ & LUQ exocrine function of the pancreas is key in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids | ||||
| Common Bile Duct | choledoch/o | ||||
| Dyspepsia | indigestion | ||||
| Eructation | burping, belching | ||||
| Halitosis | bad smelling breath | ||||
| Pyrosis | heartburn | ||||
| Hiccup | singultus | ||||
| Flatus | expelled gas | ||||
| Hematochezia | passage of bloody stool | ||||
| Suffixes: -chezia | condition of stools | ||||
| Melena | black, tarry stools | ||||
| Esophagal atresia | esophagus ends in a blind pouch - no opening to stomach | ||||
| Hirschsprung disease | absence of normal nervous function (megacolon) | ||||
| Pyloric stenosis | muscle between stomach and small intestine narrows or fails to open | ||||
| Dental caries | cavities | ||||
| Malocclusion | poor closure | ||||
| Leukoplakia | white patches | ||||
| Pyorrhea | discharge of pus in oral cavity | ||||
| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing | ||||
| (GERD) Gastroesophageal reflux disease | flowing back of contents of the stomach to the esophagus | ||||
| (PUD) Peptic ulcer disease | erosion of protective mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum | ||||
| Anal fissure | cracklike lesion of the skin around the anus | ||||
| Fistula | abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body | ||||
| Hemorrhoid | varicose vein in the lower rectum or anus | ||||
| Pruritus ani | chronic condition of itching of the skin surrounding the anus | ||||
| Crohn disease | inflammation of the ileum or the colon | ||||
| Intussusception | inward telescoping of the intestines | ||||
| Paralytic ileus | lack of peristaltic movement in the intestinal tract | ||||
| Volvulus | twisting of the intestines | ||||
| Jaundice | yellowing of the skin | ||||
| Hepatitis A | direct contact with fecally contaminated food or water | ||||
| Hepatitis B | through contaminated blood or sexual contact | ||||
| Hepatitis C | through blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or sharing infected needles | ||||
| Cholelithiasis | gall stones | ||||
| Hiatal hernia | protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm | ||||
| Hemangioma | tumor of the blood vessels | ||||
| Leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor | ||||
| Polyp | benign growth that may occur in the intestines | ||||
| (SCCA) squamous cell carcinoma | arises from the cells that cover the surfaces of the body | ||||
| Bile vessels | cholangi/o | ||||
| Fluoroscopy | X-ray that allows visualization of structures in real time | ||||
| Anastomoses | new connection created between two (usually hollow) structures | ||||
| Ligat/o | tying | ||||
| Lysis of adhesions | surgical destruction of adhesions | ||||
| Paracentesis | withdrawing fluid from a body cavity | ||||
| Pyloromyotomy | incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction | ||||
| Odontectomy | removal of a tooth | ||||
| Polypectomy | removal of a polyp | ||||
| Stomatoplasty | surgical repair of the mouth | ||||
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | ||||
| APR | anterior posterior repair | ||||
| lap. Chole | laparoscopic cholecystectomy | ||||
| Fold | plic/o | ||||
| Sweet, Sugar | glu/o | ||||
| Melan | black, dark | ||||
| Suffixes: -plakia | condition of patches | ||||
| Suffixes: -chalasia | condition of relaxation |
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Created by:
Alyse Gilmore
on 2011-06-27