1-6
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| Nerves | Carry electrical messages ALL over the body.
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| Cranial Nerves | Lead from the base of the brain to parts of the body they affect.
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| Sense RECEPTORS | Carry messages related changes in the environment toward the spinal cord and brain.
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| 1.) Olfactory | SMELL
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| 2.) Optic | VISION
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| 3.) Oculomotor | EYE MOVEMENT
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| 4.) Trochlear | EYE MOVEMENT
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| 5.) Trigeminal | FOREHEAD and SCALP SENSATION; CHEEK SENSATION; CHEWING
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| 6.)Abducens | EYE MOVEMENT
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| Divisions | CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (autonomic is part of the peripheral)
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| CNS (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) DIVISIONS | Brain and Spinal Cord
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| PNS (PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) | Cranial Nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal Nerves (31 pairs)
Autonomic Nerves (branches)
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| Autonomic Nerves | Branches from PNS:
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVES and
SYMPATHETIC NERVES
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| Brainstem | Pons
Medulla Oblongata
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| Medulla Oblongata | Connects the spinal cord with the rest of the brain.
Contains three important vital centers that regulate internal activities of the body.
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| 3 IMPORTANT VITAL CENTERS: 1.) Respiratory Center | Controls Muscles of respiration in response to chemicals or other stimuli.
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| 2.) Cardiac Center | Slows the heart rate when the heart is beating too rapidly.
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| 3.) Vasomotor Center | Affects (constricts and dilates) the muscles in the walls of blood vessels, thus influencing blood pressure.
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| 3 IMPORTANT VITAL CENTERS | Regulate internal activities of the body.
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| Neurologic Disorders | Congenital; Neoplastic (tumors); Degenerative, movement, and seizure; Traumatic; Infectious (meningitis and encephalitis); Vascular (stroke)
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| HYDROCEPHALUS (congenital disorder) | Abnormal amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain.
Can also occur in adults through tumors or infections.
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| Spina Bifida (congenital disorder) | Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neuro tube defect)
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| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning.
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| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem.
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| Epilepsy (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity.
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| Huntington Disease (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration.
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| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.
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| Myasthenia Gravis (MG) (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
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| Palsy (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
e.g. Cerebral Palsy; Bells Palsy
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| Parkinson Disease (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.
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| Tourette Syndrome (Degenerative, movement, and seizure Disorder) | Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words.
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| Herpes Zoster (Shingles) (Infectious disorders) | Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves.
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| Meningitis (Infectious disorders) | Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis.
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| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); Encephalopathy (Infectious disorders) | Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS.
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| Brain Tumor (neoplastic disorder) | Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges.
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| Cerebral Concussion (traumatic disorders) | Temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours.
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| Cerebral Contusion (traumatic disorders) | Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours.
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| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (VASCULAR disorders) | Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. (cerebral infarction)
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| 3 TYPES OF STROKES | 1.) THROMBOTIC 2.) EMBOLIC 3.) HEMORRHAGIC
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| BLOOD CLOT | THROMBUS
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| BLOOD CLOT IN THE ARTERY THAT LEADS TO THE BRAIN; RESULTING IN A BLOCKAGE IN THE VESSEL? | THROMBOTIC
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| DISLODGED BLOT CLOT TRAVELS TO CEREBRAL ARTERIES AND BLOCKS SMALL VESSEL? | EMBOLIC
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| A BLOOD VESSEL, SUCH AS THE CEREBRAL ARTERY, BREAKS AND BLEEDING OCCURS? | HEMORRHAGIC
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| MIGRAINE (VASCULAR disorders) | Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache.
(aura)
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| AURA | Peculiar sensations that precede the onset of illness.
sensitivity to light (photophobia)
" " sound
flashes of light before the eyes
partial blindness
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