Unit 2-D
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| Asepsis | Absence of pathogens
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| Communicable | Disease capable of being transmitted more or less rapidly to other persons; also called contagious
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| Universal Precautions | Guidelines recommended by the Center for Disease Control to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens
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| Sterile | 0 pathogens/microorganisms
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| Vector | An animal, especially an insect, that transmits pathogens from infected to non infected persons
Can carry pathogens on their body or inside their body, they are indirect
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| Terminal sterilization | Process of sterilizing articles after they have been used and before putting them into circulation
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| Sanitization | Destruction of bacteria through good cleaning processes or possibly by boiling water
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| Surgically clean | Not sterile, but as clean as possible
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| Human portals of exit | *Blood: HBV, HIV, blood-borne pathogens
*Fecal matter: Hepatitis, polio, dysentery
*Urine: Typhoid fever
*Respiratory Secretion "septum": TB, common cold
*Saliva: strep, common cold, rabies
*Tears: conjunctivitis
*Semen & Vaginal secretions: HIV, S
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| Occurrence of infection | *Portal of entry
*Resistance of host
*Number of organisms
*Virulence of the organism
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| Types of infections | *Primary
*Secondary
*Mixed
*Latent
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| Secondary | Usually caused by opportunistic type
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| Mixed | Appendicitis, trench mouth, wound infection
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| Latent | Early TB, malaria
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| Acute | Runs a rapid and severe course terminating abruptly
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| Chronic | Runs a slow course over a long period of time; may last for weeks to years
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| Acute | Period of actual illness with symptoms, degree of fever, and length of time depending upon the disease, condition of patient and treatment
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| Convalescent | Begins with decline of fever and acute symptoms; length of time depends upon the severity of the acute stage, treatment, and general health of the patient
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| Incubation | Period between entrance of organisms to the body and onset of symptoms
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| Prodromal | Short period, usually a day or less, when symptoms are vague or cause only mild discomfort
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| What is the order of stages of an acute infection? | *Incubation
*Prodromal
*Acute
*Convalescent
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