Body Structure & Directional Ch2 Terminology
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hist/o | tissues
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stromal tissue | supportive tissue
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parenchymal tissue | does the work
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epithelial tissue | internal and external covering for organs
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connective tissue | bone, blood, fat
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muscular tissue | heart, skeletal and visceral muscles
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nervous tissue | provides transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions
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organ/o, viscer/o | organ
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Apex apic/o | pointed extremity of a conical structure
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Body corpor/o, som/o, somat/o | the largest or most important part of an organ
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Fundus fund/o | base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is the farthest from the mouth of the organ
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Fornix fornic/o | any vaultlike or arched structure
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Hilum hil/o | area where nerves and vessels enter or exit an organ
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Lumen lumin/o | the space within an artery, vein, intestine or tube
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Sinus or Antrum sinus/o or antra | a cavity or channel in bone
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Vestibule vestibul/o | a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
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Antrum antra | any nearly closed cavity or chamber (stomach)
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Bi- | two
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Contra- | opposite; against
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Epi- | above; on top of
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Ipsi- | same
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Meta- | change; beyond
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Uni- | one
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-ium, -um | structure
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-ad | in the direction of; toward
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Mid- | middle
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Dis- | apart; bad; abnormal
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Dys- | bad; difficult; painful; abnormal
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mal- | bad; ill
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cyt/o | cell
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Anatomy | study of the structure of the body
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Physiology | study of the function of the body
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biopsy | process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and/or treatment
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necropsy | process of viewing dead tissue
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autopsy | process of viewing self; term used commonly for examination of a dead body to determine cause of death
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Anterior Ventral | anter/o
in front of
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Posterior Dorsal | poster/o
behind; after
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Anteroposterior (AP) | front to back
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Posteroanterior (PA) | back to front
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Superior Cephalad | cephal/o
head
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Inferior Caudad | caud/o
tail
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Medial | medi/o
middle
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Lateral | later/o
side
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Ipsilateral | same side
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Contralateral | opposite side
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Unilateral | one side
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Bilateral | two sides
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Superficial | on the surface of the body
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Deep | away from (below) the surface
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Proximal | proxim/o
near
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Distal | dist/o
far
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Dextrad | dextr/o
to the right
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Sinistrad | sinistr/o, levo
to the left
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Afferent | toward an organ
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Efferent | away from an organ
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Supine | supination
face up
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Prone | pronation
face down
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Palmar | pertaining to palm of hand
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Plantar | pertaining to sole of foot
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Dorsal cavities | cranial and spinal
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Ventral cavities | thoracic (heart & lungs)
abdominal (stomach, liver, intestines)
pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs)
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Mediastinum | mediastin/o
space between the lungs
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Pleural cavity | space within the double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs
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Abdominal cavity also referred to as | peritoneal cavity
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Diaphragm | diaphragm/o, phren/o, diaphragmat/o
separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
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Peritoneum | peritone/o
highly vascular membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
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Pelvic cavity | bladder and reproductive organs
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Abdominopelvic regions | Left & Right hypochodriac
Epigastric
Left & Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left & Right iliac
Hypogastric
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Abdominopelvic quadrants | RUQ - liver
LUQ - stomach & spleen
RLQ - appendix & McBurnery's point
LLQ - Munro's point
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Sagittal plane | separates sides from each other
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Midsagittal plane | divides body into equal right & left halves
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Frontal or coronal plane | divides body into front and back portions
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Transverse plane (cross sectional) | divides the body horizontally into an upper part and lower part
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Oblique plane | divides the body as a slanted angle
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antrum | antr/o
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apex | apic/o
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blood | hem/o, hemat/o
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body | som/o, somat/o
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bone | oste/o, osse/o
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cell | cyt/o
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dissolve | lys/o
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epithelium | epitheli/o
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fat | adip/o
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fornix | fornic/o
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fundus | fund/o
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heart muscle | myocardi/o
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lumen | lumin/o
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muscle | my/o
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nerve | neur/o
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nipple | thel/o
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nucleus | kary/o, nucle/o
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organ, viscera | organ/o, viscer/o
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ribose | rib/o
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sameness | home/o
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sinus, cavity | sin/o, sinus/o
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skeletal muscle | rhabdomy/o
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smooth muscle | leiomy/o
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system | system/o
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to cast | bol/o
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vestibule | vestibul/o
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Ana- | up; apart
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Cata- | down
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-ia, -ism | condition
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-plasm | formation
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-us | noun ending
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bladder | cyst/o, vesic/o
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bone marrow, spinal cord | myel/o
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hair | pil/o, trich/o
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ileum | ile/o
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kidney | nephr/o, ren/o
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nail | onych/o, ungu/o
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ovary | oophor/o, ovari/o
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skin | cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
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small intestine | enter/o
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stomach | gastr/o
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testis | test/o, orchid/o
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ureter | ureter/o
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urethra | urethr/o
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abdomen | abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
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cranium, skull | crani/o
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dorsal | dors/o
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pelvis | pelv/i
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peritoneum | peritone/o
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pleura | pleur/o
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spine | spin/o
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sternum | stern/o
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thorax | thorac/o
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ventral | ventr/o
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vertebra | vertebr/o
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cartilage | chondr/o
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front | front/o
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groin | inguin/o
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ileum (small intestinal) | ile/o
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ilium (pelvic) | ili/o
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loin | lumb/o
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umbilicus | omphal/o, umbilic/o
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Musculoskeletal system | muscles - my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
bones - oste/o, osse/o, oss/i
joints - arthr/o, articul/o
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Integumentary system | skin - derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o
hair - trich/o, pil/o
nails - ungu/o, onych/o
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Gastrointestinal system | stomach - gastr/o
intestines - ile/o, enter/o
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Urinary system | kidneys - ren/o, nephr/o
bladder - cyst/o, vesic/o
ureters, urethra - ureter/o, urethr/o
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Reproductive system | ovaries - oophor/o, ovari/o
testes - test/o, orchid/o
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Blood, Lymphatic, Immune system | blood cells - erythrocyt/o, leukocyt/o, thrombocyt/o
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Cardiovascular system | heart - cardi/o, coron/o
vessels - srteri/o, ven/o, phleb/o
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Respiratory system | lungs - pulmon/o, pneumon/o
bronchi - bronch/o
trachea - trache/o
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Nervous/Behavioral system | brain - encephal/o, cerebr/o
nerves - neur/o
mind - ment/i, phren/o, psych/o
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Special Senses | eyes - ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o
ears - ot/o, aur/o
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Endocrine system | pancreas - pancreat/o
thyroid - thyroid/o
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