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Body Structure & Directional Ch2 Terminology

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Question
Answer
hist/o   tissues  
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stromal tissue   supportive tissue  
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parenchymal tissue   does the work  
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epithelial tissue   internal and external covering for organs  
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connective tissue   bone, blood, fat  
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muscular tissue   heart, skeletal and visceral muscles  
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nervous tissue   provides transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions  
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organ/o, viscer/o   organ  
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Apex apic/o   pointed extremity of a conical structure  
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Body corpor/o, som/o, somat/o   the largest or most important part of an organ  
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Fundus fund/o   base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is the farthest from the mouth of the organ  
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Fornix fornic/o   any vaultlike or arched structure  
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Hilum hil/o   area where nerves and vessels enter or exit an organ  
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Lumen lumin/o   the space within an artery, vein, intestine or tube  
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Sinus or Antrum sinus/o or antra   a cavity or channel in bone  
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Vestibule vestibul/o   a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal  
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Antrum antra   any nearly closed cavity or chamber (stomach)  
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Bi-   two  
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Contra-   opposite; against  
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Epi-   above; on top of  
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Ipsi-   same  
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Meta-   change; beyond  
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Uni-   one  
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-ium, -um   structure  
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-ad   in the direction of; toward  
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Mid-   middle  
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Dis-   apart; bad; abnormal  
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Dys-   bad; difficult; painful; abnormal  
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mal-   bad; ill  
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cyt/o   cell  
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Anatomy   study of the structure of the body  
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Physiology   study of the function of the body  
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biopsy   process of viewing living tissue that has been removed for the purpose of diagnosis and/or treatment  
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necropsy   process of viewing dead tissue  
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autopsy   process of viewing self; term used commonly for examination of a dead body to determine cause of death  
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Anterior Ventral   anter/o in front of  
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Posterior Dorsal   poster/o behind; after  
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Anteroposterior (AP)   front to back  
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Posteroanterior (PA)   back to front  
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Superior Cephalad   cephal/o head  
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Inferior Caudad   caud/o tail  
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Medial   medi/o middle  
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Lateral   later/o side  
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Ipsilateral   same side  
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Contralateral   opposite side  
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Unilateral   one side  
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Bilateral   two sides  
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Superficial   on the surface of the body  
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Deep   away from (below) the surface  
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Proximal   proxim/o near  
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Distal   dist/o far  
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Dextrad   dextr/o to the right  
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Sinistrad   sinistr/o, levo to the left  
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Afferent   toward an organ  
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Efferent   away from an organ  
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Supine   supination face up  
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Prone   pronation face down  
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Palmar   pertaining to palm of hand  
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Plantar   pertaining to sole of foot  
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Dorsal cavities   cranial and spinal  
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Ventral cavities   thoracic (heart & lungs) abdominal (stomach, liver, intestines) pelvic (bladder, reproductive organs)  
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Mediastinum   mediastin/o space between the lungs  
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Pleural cavity   space within the double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs  
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Abdominal cavity also referred to as   peritoneal cavity  
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Diaphragm   diaphragm/o, phren/o, diaphragmat/o separates thoracic and abdominal cavities  
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Peritoneum   peritone/o highly vascular membrane that lines the abdominal cavity  
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Pelvic cavity   bladder and reproductive organs  
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Abdominopelvic regions   Left & Right hypochodriac Epigastric Left & Right lumbar Umbilical Left & Right iliac Hypogastric  
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Abdominopelvic quadrants   RUQ - liver LUQ - stomach & spleen RLQ - appendix & McBurnery's point LLQ - Munro's point  
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Sagittal plane   separates sides from each other  
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Midsagittal plane   divides body into equal right & left halves  
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Frontal or coronal plane   divides body into front and back portions  
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Transverse plane (cross sectional)   divides the body horizontally into an upper part and lower part  
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Oblique plane   divides the body as a slanted angle  
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antrum   antr/o  
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apex   apic/o  
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blood   hem/o, hemat/o  
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body   som/o, somat/o  
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bone   oste/o, osse/o  
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cell   cyt/o  
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dissolve   lys/o  
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epithelium   epitheli/o  
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fat   adip/o  
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fornix   fornic/o  
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fundus   fund/o  
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heart muscle   myocardi/o  
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lumen   lumin/o  
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muscle   my/o  
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nerve   neur/o  
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nipple   thel/o  
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nucleus   kary/o, nucle/o  
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organ, viscera   organ/o, viscer/o  
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ribose   rib/o  
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sameness   home/o  
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sinus, cavity   sin/o, sinus/o  
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skeletal muscle   rhabdomy/o  
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smooth muscle   leiomy/o  
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system   system/o  
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to cast   bol/o  
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vestibule   vestibul/o  
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Ana-   up; apart  
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Cata-   down  
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-ia, -ism   condition  
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-plasm   formation  
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-us   noun ending  
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bladder   cyst/o, vesic/o  
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bone marrow, spinal cord   myel/o  
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hair   pil/o, trich/o  
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ileum   ile/o  
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kidney   nephr/o, ren/o  
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nail   onych/o, ungu/o  
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ovary   oophor/o, ovari/o  
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skin   cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o  
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small intestine   enter/o  
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stomach   gastr/o  
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testis   test/o, orchid/o  
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ureter   ureter/o  
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urethra   urethr/o  
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abdomen   abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o  
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cranium, skull   crani/o  
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dorsal   dors/o  
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pelvis   pelv/i  
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peritoneum   peritone/o  
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pleura   pleur/o  
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spine   spin/o  
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sternum   stern/o  
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thorax   thorac/o  
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ventral   ventr/o  
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vertebra   vertebr/o  
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cartilage   chondr/o  
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front   front/o  
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groin   inguin/o  
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ileum (small intestinal)   ile/o  
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ilium (pelvic)   ili/o  
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loin   lumb/o  
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umbilicus   omphal/o, umbilic/o  
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Musculoskeletal system   muscles - my/o, myos/o, muscul/o bones - oste/o, osse/o, oss/i joints - arthr/o, articul/o  
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Integumentary system   skin - derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o hair - trich/o, pil/o nails - ungu/o, onych/o  
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Gastrointestinal system   stomach - gastr/o intestines - ile/o, enter/o  
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Urinary system   kidneys - ren/o, nephr/o bladder - cyst/o, vesic/o ureters, urethra - ureter/o, urethr/o  
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Reproductive system   ovaries - oophor/o, ovari/o testes - test/o, orchid/o  
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Blood, Lymphatic, Immune system   blood cells - erythrocyt/o, leukocyt/o, thrombocyt/o  
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Cardiovascular system   heart - cardi/o, coron/o vessels - srteri/o, ven/o, phleb/o  
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Respiratory system   lungs - pulmon/o, pneumon/o bronchi - bronch/o trachea - trache/o  
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Nervous/Behavioral system   brain - encephal/o, cerebr/o nerves - neur/o mind - ment/i, phren/o, psych/o  
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Special Senses   eyes - ophthalm/o, ocul/o, opt/o ears - ot/o, aur/o  
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Endocrine system   pancreas - pancreat/o thyroid - thyroid/o  
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