Computer Intro
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| Computer | an electronic device that runs under a control of instructions stored in its memory, that can accept data, manipulate data according to specific rules, produce results and store them for future use.
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| General Operations / Information Processing Cycle | Input, Process, Output, Storage, Communication
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| Input Devices | allows data/instructions to be entered into computer
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| Output Devices | conveys information to the user
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| System Unit | Box-like case containing electronic components of computer that are used to process data
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| Motherboard | a circuit board that has many circuitry lines and components
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| Storage | holds data, instructions and information for future use permanently
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| Communication | enables a component to transmit and receive data, instructions and information to an from one or more computers
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| Why are computers powerful? | Speed, Reliability & Consistency, Accuracy, Storage, Communications
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| Garbage In, Garbage Out | The accuracy of a computers output depends on the accuracy of the computers input
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| Internet | collection of networks that connect millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions and individuals
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| Program | a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it
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| Installing | the process of setting up the software to work with computer and hardware components
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| Run | to use the program
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| Load | to call the program form storage media and place it in memory
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| Execute | to carry out the instructions
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| GUI | when we interact with the software using text, graphics and icons
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| CPU | brain of the computer and oversees everything that computer does
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| Primary Storage | RAM
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| Secondary Storage | HDD, Removable Disk, CD/DVD, Floppy disk
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| Memory | very fast storage media to save data
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| RAM | temporarily stores information
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| ROM | Permanent type of storage and data cannot be modified
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| BIOS | Type of ROM that establishes communication when the computer is first turned on
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| Expansion Slots | sockets build into the motherboard for expanded capabilities and components to be installed
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| Dot Matrix Printer | uses ink ribbon and only prints in black and white. It prints by striking pins against ink ribbon
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| Ink Jet Printer | uses ink cartridge and can print in black and white and colour. The printer shoots out tiny drops of ink onto paper
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| Laser Printer | uses in toner and prints in black and white and colour. Nothing happens when water spills
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| Hand-held scanner | used at departmental stores to scan barcode. Eg: Scanning Guns
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| Flatbed Scanner | scans only loose, single pages and looks like a printer
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| Sheet-Fed Scanner | Scan many pages at one time and looks and acts like a copy machine
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| Software | Written coded commands that tells the computer what tasks to perform
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| System Software | software that manages and controls the operations of the computer and its devices and acts as a medium between hardware and software (OS & Utility Prog.)
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| Operating System | coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources and contains instructions that allows user to run application software
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| Utility Program | allows users to perform maintenance type tasks related to managing a computer, its devices and programs, and are usually included in the OS.
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| Application Software | a computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform
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| User Interface | controls how the user enters data and instructions as well as how information displays on the screen. It acts as a medium between the user and the computer
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| Command-Line Interface | allows a user to type a command or press special keys on the keyboard such as function keys to enter data and instructions. (CMD, DOS)
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| Menu-driven Interface | an interface that allows users to navigate by choosing options form a list. The applications are created based on DOS. (BIOS)
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| Graphical User Interface | Interacts with the user by using menus and visual images such as icons, buttons and animations (Windows Aero)
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| Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) | Is a flash memory that provides the interface for major hardware components of the computer with the OS and most important role is to load the OS.
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| Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) | an integrated circuit located in the motherboard. Uses battery power to retain information when computer is turned off and provides detailed info particular to the system
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| Power-On-Self-Test (POST) | checks various hardware components in the system to make sure everything is working properly. Results of POST are compared to data in CMOS chip and if there is an error, computer may display error messages or cease operation
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| How does a computer boot up? | ON > Electrical signals reach processor > Processor finds BIOS > BIOS executes tests > BIOS search for system files > Kernel of OS loads into RAM > OS loads config. and displays desktop
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| BIOS executes tests | BIOS checks CMOS Setup > Load device drivers > Initialize registers and power management > Performs POST > Displays system settings > Determines which device should start first > Initializes bootstrap sequence
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| Recovery Disk / Boot Disk | A disk that contains system files that will start the computer when the computer is unable to boot
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| Multitasking | working on two or more programs that reside in memory at the same time
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| Multiprocessing | tow or more processors running the same program at the same time
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| Multi-user | Enables two or more users to run different programs at the same time
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| Fault-tolerant computers | Computer continues to operate when one of its components fail. Has duplicate components such as processors, memory and HDD
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| Memory Management | the usage of virtual memory where a portion of the hard disk is allocated to function as RAM to optimize the use of RAM
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| Cross-Platform Application | an application that runs identically on multiple OS/platforms
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| Booting | the process of starting or restarting the computer
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| Cold Boot | turning on the computer that has been powered off
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| Warm boot | restarting a computer that is powered on
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| Jobs | an operation that the processor manages. OS schedules jobs only for processor
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| Spooling | the process of sending print jobs to buffer or temporary storage instead of sending it directly to the printer.
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| Device Driver | Program that tells the OS how to communicate with the device
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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narrthine
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