M6 PII Managing Pain
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| Define Noxious | injurious to physical health
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| Pain causes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | fatigue
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| Seven factors of pain assessment | Onset, Duration, Location, Intensity, Quality, Pattern, Relief Obtained
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| What does the acronym IASP stand for? | International Association for the Study of Pain
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| What does the acronym APS stand for? | American Pain Society
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| 12 classifications of pain | Mild, Acute, Severe, Chronic, Intermittant, Intractable, Burning, Dull, Sharp, Precise, Poorly Localized, Referred
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| What does Intractable mean? | Constant
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| Describe referred pain. | pain felt at a site other than the site injured
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| Acute pain is classified as pain lasting how long? | less than 6 months
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| Chronic pain is classified as pain lasting how long? | more than 6 months
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| Acute pain creates what kind of response? | Fight or Flight
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| describe the synergistic effect | act of two or more substances to achieve an effect which a single substance cannot
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| explain the Gate Control theory | pain impulses released and blocked by central nervous system in spinal cord subject to alteration by thoughts, feelings, and memories
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| Which society started classifying pain as the "5th Vital Sign" | American Pain Society
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| What four ways is the cutaneous stimulated by? | heat, cold, massage, TENS (transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation)
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| We can decrease pain in our patients by decreasing what? | Anxiety
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| Define Invasive. | anything that enters the body
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| What are Analgesics? | pain medications
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| What are Nonopioids? | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used for mild to moderate pain
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| What are Opioids? | pain medications that act on higher centers of brain to modify perception and reaction; used for moderate to severe pain
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| What is the maximum daily dose for Acetaminophen? | 4,000 mg / 24 hours
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| What is a side effect of Acetaminophen? | Hepatotoxicity
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| Side effect for Opioids. | Respiratory Depression
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| What is the maximum daily dose for Ibuprofin? | 3.2 G / 24 hours
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| The use of Demerol has the potential for? | inducing seizures
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| Physical dependancy on Opioids common after? | 1-4 weeks of regular administration
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| most common side effect of Opioids | Constipation
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| physicians commonly counter constipation by prescribing what? | stool softener with peristaltic stimulant
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| What is Narcan used for? | to block or reverse the effects of Opioids
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| What role do prostaglandin play? | sensitizes nerves to carry pain stimuli to brain (Non-Opioids inhibit prostaglandin)
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| Describe Adjuvant Analgesics. | diverse classes of drugs that relieve pain by variety of mechanisms
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| IM administration of Opioids has potential to cause what? | fibrosis of muscle and soft tissue
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| Oral route for Opioid medications are optimal for Acute or Chronic pain? | Chronic
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| Describe PCA BY PROXY. | when someone other than the patient pushes PCA button to self administer pain medications
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| Name six side effects of Epidural Opioid administration. | Urinary Retention, Postural Hypotension, Pruritus, Nausea, Vomiting, Respiratory Depression
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| During Opioid infusion, the nurse should monitor what every 15 minutes? | Respiratory Rate
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