Turley - Pulmonology
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| spir/o | breathe
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| re- | again and again
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| -atory | pertaining to
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| cardi/o | heart
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| nas/o | nose
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| septum | dividing wall
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| mucos/o | mucous membrane
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| pharyng/o | pharynx
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| laryng/o | voice box
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| epiglottis | flap which seals off the larynx to prevent food from going into the trachea
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| trachea | windpipe
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| lumen | central opening
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| hilum | indentation on the medial surface of each lung where the bronchus enters
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| parenchyma | functional part of an organ
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| lobe | large division of an organ
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| thoracic | pertaining to the chest
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| mediastinum | potential space between the lungs containing the heart, trachea and esophagus
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| inspiration | breathing in
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| expiration | breathing out
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| diaphragm | a sheet of skeletal muscle lying along the inferior border of the thoracic cavity which is active during breathing
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| pleura | double layered serous membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the wall of the pleural cavity
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| hem/o | blood
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| metabolism | process of a cell tranforming oxygen or nutrients into energy
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| apex | rounded top of each lung (may refer to other body parts)
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| eupnea | normal rate and rhythm of breathing
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| -spasm | sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
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| alveolus | air sac
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| bronchitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the bronchi
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| bronchiectasis | permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles
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| stridor | high pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx
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| wheezes | high pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration. (caused from bronchspasm due to asthma)
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| empyema | localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity
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| cystic fibrosis | inherited disease affecting all exocrine cells, mucus is abnormally thick blocking the alveoli causing dyspnea
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| emphysema | chronic irreversibly damaged alveoli that are enlarged and trap air in the lungs
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| copd | chronic obstruction pulmonary disease - combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
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| pneumonia | infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs
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| aspiration | the process of breathing or sucking in
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| pulmonary edema | fluid collection in the alveoli secondary to heart failure
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| pulmonary embolism | blood clot in the pulmonary arterial system causing a blockage
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| hemothorax | presence of blood in the thoracic cavity, usually due to trauma
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| pneumothorax | large volume of air in the pleural space, often due to penetrating injury or spontaneous rupture
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| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration
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| dyspnea | difficult, painful or labored breathing
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| anoxia | complete lack of oxygen in the arterial blood and tissues
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| asphyxia | an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide and an abnormally low level of oxygen
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| cyanosis | bluish gray discoloration of the skin due to a very low level of oxygen an a very high level of CO2
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| hypoxemia | very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
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| oximetry | diagnostic test which measures the level of oxygen in the blood
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| vital signs | temperature, pulse, blood pressure and respiration rate
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| thoracentesis | puncture of the pleural cavity to remove fluid
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| tracheostomy | surgically created opening into the trachea
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