Cardiovascular Disorders
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| Cardiac output (CO) | Blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute | Presence of artheromas in large blood vessels is a sign of what | Atherosclerosis
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| Stroke volume (SV) | Volume of blood pumped out of ventricle/contraction | LDL | Bad Cholesterol
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| Preload | Amount of blood delivered to heart by venous return | Good Cholesterol | HDL
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| Afterload | Force required to eject blood from ventricles Determined by peripheral resistance in arteries | A deficit of oxygen to meet myocardial needs occurs from | Angina Pectoris
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| ADH increases blood volume by | H2O reabsorption through kidney, increasing blood volume | Angina Pectoris treatment would be | rest and administration of coronary dilators
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| Aldosterone increases blood volume by | by increasing reabsorption of Na+ and H2O, increased blood volume increases BP | Obstruction of the coronary artery causes what to happen | Myocardial Infarction
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| Digoxin | Treatment for heart failure Antidysrhythmic drug for atrial dysrhythmias | Warning signs of a heart attack include | Feeling of pressure in chest, Sudden shortness of breath, Anxiety
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| Atrial contraction | depolarizes in P wave | ECG measures what | conductivity of heart
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| Ventricle repolarizations happens in what wave | T wave | What would be a good treatment for a myocardial infarction | oxygen therapy
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| Ventricular contraction and Atrial Repolarization happens in what wave | QRS Wave | Coronary Heart Disease can lead to | heart failure, serious arrhythmias, sudden death
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| What centers control heart rate and contractions | cardiac center in medulla | Deviation from normal cardiac rate or rhythm, from damage to conduction system or systemic | Cardiac Arrythmias
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| Beta-adrenergic receptors | block increases in rate and force of contraction | Reduced efficiency of pumping in Arrythmias are due to | Rapid heart rate that prevents adequate filling
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| Factors that Increase Heart Rate | Body Temp, Fever, Excersize | A heart block occurs in | AV node
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| Cardiac cycle | alternating sequence of diastole (relaxation) and systole (contraction) | Congestive Heart Failure | Occurs when heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs
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| Exchanging of O2 and CO2 in the lungs is what circulation | Pulmonary | Left sided heart failure causes | less blood reaching organs – “forward” effect – congestion pulmonary circulation
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| Exchanging of nutrients and wastes between blood and cells is what circulation | Systemic | Right sided heart failure causes | less blood to left side heart, backup effect, congestion, in systemic circulation
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| Vasoconstriction is increased by what two hormones | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine | Congenital Heart Defects | develop during 1st 8 weeks of embryonic life
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| Antihypertensive drugs | lower blood pressure | Valvular Defects cause | Congenital Heart Defects
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| What kind of drug would be given to someone with high blood pressure and CHF | Diuretic | What can happen as a result to open heart surgery | Pericarditis
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| Diuretics | Remove excess sodium and/or water | Rheumatic Fever results from | an untreated infection that leads to acute systemic inflammation
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| Degenerative changes in small arteries and arterioles leads to what | Arteriosclerosis | A friction rub is an effect of | rubbing of outer layer of tissue against walls due to pericarditis
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| A common high blood pressure disorder is | Hypertension | Hypertension is caused by | arterial vasoconstriction
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| ACE inhibitors, Reduction of sodium intake, Weight reduction are effective treatments for what disorder | Hypertension | Three mechanisms that increase CO are | Increased contractility, increase venous return, increased blood volume
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| Which disorder causes a more severe and persistent chest pain: Angina Pectoris or Mycordial Infarction | Myocardial Infarction | Three causes for dysrhythmias include | inflammation, electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia
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| Why is untreated hypertension dangerous | because congestive heart failure or strokes may occur |
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