Questions out of different question banks out there
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on it to display the answer.
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| Where are deposits found in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis | subendothelial and messangial space
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| Most important cytokine mediator in septic shock | TNF (secreted by Macrophages)
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| Glomeruli of DM pts with end stage renal dz most often shows | nodular Glomerulosclerosis
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| 1st step in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis due to hyperlipidemia | LDL cholesterol oxidation
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| MC type inflammatory marker in muscle biopsy of pt with polymiositis | CD8 and Macrophages
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| Functions of IgG | opsonize bacteria, neutralize toxins/viruses, fix complement
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| Test for antibodies | Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay
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| Part of the microtubule that Griseofulvin acts on | alpha/beta-tubulin dimer of spindle fibers
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| G (+) bacilli with beta-hemolysis | Lysteria monocytogenes
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| Rx for hypokalemic alkalotic pt with SCC of lung | Ketokenazole (blocks ACTH production)
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| What are heart failure cells | hemosiderin laden macrophages
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| Hallmarks of pulmonary edema | Intraalveolar fluid, engorged caplillaries, hemosiderin-laden macrophages
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| Rx for agranulocytosis caused by Clozapine | Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor
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| Rx herpes simplex encephalitis | Acyclovir
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| MOA Acyclovir | acyclic guanosine derivative that inhibits viral DNA (activated by viral thimidine kinase)
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| Pathologic appearance of a Myxoma | scattered spindle cells with scant pink cytoplasm with in a loose stroma
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| “Ball-valve” in Left Atrium | Myxoma
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| Enzyme deficiency in Maple Syrup Urine Dz | alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenease
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| Enzyme that degrades branched-chain aa’s | alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase
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| Action of diphtheria toxin | inhibits protein synthesis via blockage of tRNA translocation from A to P sites
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| MOA cholestyramine | bind and excrete bile-soluble acids
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| MC found congenital heart dz in adults | patent foramen ovale
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| 8 essential aa’s | Leucine, Lysine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Methionine, Threonine, Valine
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| Irreversible enzymes for glycolysis | Hexo/Glucokinase, PFK-1, Pyruvate Kinase, Pyruvate DH
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| MCC acute renal failure in hospital setting | Acute Tubular Necrosis
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| 3 Characteristics of Horner’s Sx | Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis
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| Pathology of Horner’s Sx | Disruption of the sympathetic innervations to ipsilateral side of face
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| From what nerve roots is the pudendal nerve driver | S2-4
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| Point of exit of the pudendal nerve | Greater Sciatic Foramen
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| MC brain stem stroke | Wallenberg’s Sx (aka Lat. Medullary Sx)
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| MOA Benzo’s | increase frequency of Cl channel opening
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| Most specific test for syphilis | Flourescent Treponemal antibody-absorption test (FTA-ABS)
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| Region of lymph nodes underdeveloped in DiGeorge Sx | Paracortex
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| Type of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma highly assc with Reed-Sternberg cells | Mixed Cellularity H. L.
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| RX for myelosuppression caused by Doxorubicin | GM-CSF or Molgramostin
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| Absent biceps reflex is indicator of what nerve damage | Musculocutaneous
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| What does PALS stand for | Peri Arterial Lymphatic Sheath (spleen)
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| Prophylactic therapy for p. jiroveci pneumonia in HIV pt with sulfa allergy | Aerosolized pentamidine
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| Structures in the cardinal ligaments | Uterine vessels
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| Structures in the suspensory ligaments | Ovarian vessels
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| Structures in the Round ligament | none
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| Structures in the Broad ligaments | ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligament
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| RX Mild pulmonary Blastomycosis | Fluconazole or Ketoconazole
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| Rx systemic Blatomycosis | Amphotericin B
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| I.F. and Gastric Acid are secreted by | Parietal cells
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| How is vitamin A absorbed | via micelle-mediated transport in GI
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| Enzyme deficiency in classic galactosemia | galactose-1-P Uridyl transferase
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| Enzyme deficiency in fructose intolerance | Aldolase B
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| Enzyme deficiency in essential fructorusria | fructokinase
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| Pathology in which blood turns muddy brown when withdrawn | Methemoglobinemia
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| Common sequela of Rotavirus infection | shedding of intestinal brush border (Lactose intolerance)
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| Pentad of TTP | Fever, Thrombocytopenia, Renal failure, Neurologic disturbances, Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes on smear)
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| Why is Guanine-Cystosine strongest | Have 3 hydrogen bonds
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| Best therapy for pt with post strep glomerulonephritis | supportive therapy
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| Type of bacteria where cell wall is the outermost structure | G+, with thickest peptidoglycan cell wall
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| Dangerous complication of Kawasaki’s | Coronary Aneurysms
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| MCC endemic encephalitis in US that can cause meningitis | St. Louis Encephalitis (Flavivirus)
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| Acid-Base status with a panic attack | Hyperventilation = acute resp alkalosis without met compensation
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| Types of cells destroyed in MS | Oligodendroglia (CNS)
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| Types of cells in Guillain-Barre Sx | Schwann cells (PNS)
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| Functions of vWF | Adhesion of platelets to collagen via glycoproteins, Carrier molecule for factor VIII
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| Muscle MC weakened by carpal tunnel sx | abductor pollicis brevis and opponens pollicis muscles
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| aa that contributes to net + charge of Histone | Arginine and Lysine
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| MCC adult onset nephrotic sx | Membranous GN
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| Child with flexed pronated position that was yanked w/ his outstretched arm | Radial Head subluxation
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| Ligament torn with radial head subluxation | annular ligament
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| Most likely injured ligament when ankle is rolled IN | Anteroir talofibular ligament
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| Warm agglutination | Chronic anemia seen in SLE, CLL, or certain drugs (alpha-methyldopa) (IgG)
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| Cold agglutination | acute anemia triggered by cold, seen in m. pneumo or infectious mononucleosis
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| CO & SVR expected in septic shock | Inc CO w/ Dec SVR
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| Types of cells commonly seen in CLL or SLL | smudge cells (flattened lymphocytes)
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| Functions of B lymphos | mature into plasma cells (response to foreign ag’s), produce ab’s as part of humoral system
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| Fibrous plaques are indicative of wh/ pathologic process | atherosclerosis
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| % of arterial stenosis that a pt can first feel chest pain on exertion | >75% (stable angina)
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| How do hormones produced in liver enter systemic circulation | Hepatic veins then IVC
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| Long-term consequence of CO poisoning | Cardiovascular DZ
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| Risk factors for Bronchogenic carcinoma of lung | smoking and asbestos exposure (additive risk)
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| Ferruginous bodies | asbestos exposure
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| RX for cryptosporidium | supportive
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| DX for cryptosporidium | oocysts on acid-fast stain of stool smear
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| Risk factor for PDA | Congenital Rubella
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| Why is Ca2+ low in pt with metastatic prostate CA | Ca2+ being used to build new bone in areas of mets
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| Result of stabilization of topoisomerase II complex with Etoposide | Induction of apoptosis
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| Etoposide works on what part of cell cycle | G2 Phase
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| DOC for Beta blocker intox | Glucagon
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| Cause of Tetralogy of Fallot | Ant. Sup. displacement of the infundibular septum
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| Stating that there is an effect when one doesn’t exist | Type I (alpha) error
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| Stating that there is not an effect when one does exist | Type II (beta) error
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| How can Null (H0) be rejected | If Confidence Interval doesn’t include 0
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| Hypothesis of NO difference | Null (H0)
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| Hypothesis that there is some difference | Alternative (H1)
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| Beta is the probability of | Making a type II error
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| Types of cells seen with beta-thalassemia | Target cells
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| On which chromosome is the gene most often implicated with Breast CA found | BRCA 1 – Chrom 17
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| Substance that will cause platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction in a DVT | Thromboxane A2
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| DOC Anorexia Nervosa | SSRI’s (Fluoxetine, Setraline, Paroxetine, Citalopram)
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| DOC CML | Imatinib Mesylate
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| MOA DOC CML | Inhibits anl bcr-abl (tyrosine kinase found >90% of CML)
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| Normal function of a histiocyte | Phagocyte cell debris and pathogens and to act as an APC
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| Virus that causes Molluscum Contagiosum | Poxvirus
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| Molluscum Contagiosum | self-limiting rash characterized by pink papules, which may be umbilicated
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| MOA Procarbazine | Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
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| Type of bilirubin increased with biliary atresia | Conjugated
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| Characteristics of stool/urine in Biliary Atresia | Acholic stool with darkened urine
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| AKA Osteopetrosis | Marble Bone Dz
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| Type of cells malfunctioning in Osteopretosis | Osteoclasts
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| XRay image in Osteopretosis | “Erlenmeyer Flask” bones b/c bone resorption and remodeling failure
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| Main physiologic function of HLA | Bind foreign antigens and present them to antigen-specific T-lymphos
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| Where do D-dimers result from | breakdown of fibrin clots
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| MC right-sided valvular DZ seen with carcinoid SX | Tricuspid Regurg
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| Properties of glomerular BM | Small pore size, Neg charged pore
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| Are “-Statins” competitive or noncompetitive | Competitive HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
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| CN’s that pass through Int. Auditory Meatus | VII, VIII
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| CN’s that pass through Foramen Rotundum | V2
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| CN’s that pass through Foramen Ovale | V3
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| RX metastatic bone dz that may cause osteonecrosis of jaw | Bisphosphonates
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| RX aplastic anemia caused by a previous chemotherapy | G-CSF
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| MOA G-CSF | glycoprotein growth factor that stimulates immature macrophages to differentiate in BM
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| ECG in pt w/ Acute Renal Failure | Peaked T-waves due to kidney’s inability to excrete K (hyperkalemic)
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| Tissue types that use Glut-4 | Adipose and Sk Muscle
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| Nerve damaged in Compartment Sx | Deep Peroneal Ne
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| Sign of Ant Compartment Sx | Unable to dorsiflex foot and decreased doralis pedis pulse
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| Glomerulonephropathy a/w subepithelial humps | Post Strep GN
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| Glomerulonephropathy a/w granular subendothelial deposits | SLE
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| Glomerulonephropathy a/w linear subendothelial pattern on glomeruli | Vasculitis (Goodpastures)
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| Glomerulonephropathy a/w messangial deposits | IgA Nephropathy
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| First lab procedure to determine a genotype of an embryo | PCR (followed by Southern Blot)
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| CLL pts will have a clonal expansion of which type of cell | B-lymphos
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| MOA Sumatriptan | Agonist of 5 HT1B/1D receptor
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| Call-Exner bodies | Granulosa cell tumor of the ovaries
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| Mode of inheritance of Pesudo-Hypoparathyroidism | AD w/ variable penetrance
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| Shortened 4th/5th digits | Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AD Kidney unresponsiveness to PTH)
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| Causes of pre-renal azotemia | heart failure, sepsis, and renal artery stenosis
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| TB prophylaxis | INH
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| Type of protein encoded by p53 gene | Transcription Factor
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| Type of Hepatocellular injury commonly seen w/ acetaminophen OD | Centrilobular Necrosis
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| Abdominal muscle a/w reflex in stroking inner thigh, scrotum and testes elevation | Internal Abd Oblique
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| Nerves a/w reflex in stroking inner thigh, scrotum and testes elevation | Ilioinguinal & genitofemoral Ne’s
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| Muscle a/w reflex in stroking inner thigh, scrotum and testes elevation | Cremaster Muscle
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| Heart murmur a/w Angina, Syncope, Dyspnea + Weak and late pulses | Aortic Stenosis
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| Heart murmur a/w Wide pulse pressure | Aortic Regurge
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| Most frequent valvular lesion | MVP
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| Heart murmur a/w wide fixed splitting | ASD
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| Heart murmur a/w holosystolic “harsh-sounding” | VSD
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| Heart murmur a/w late diastolic rumbling that follows O. Snap | MS
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| MCC Rheumatic fever | Strep pyogenes
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| Triad of Goodpasture’s | Glomerulonephritis, Pulm hemorrhage, Anti GBM (smooth linear)
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| Part of CNs affected in Wallenberg’s | Dorsolateral quadrant of Medulla and inferior surface of cerebellum
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| Enzyme most directly responsible for degrading a fibrin matrix | Plasmin
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| Primary stimulus for insulin secretion | Hyperglycemia
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| Subclavian Steal Sx | Narroving in subclavian proximal to the vertebral artery
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| Beta-hCG is structurally similar to | LH
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| Councilman bodies | Yellow fever (hepatic dz)
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| Reason for breathing through “pursed” lips | Inc pressure in larger conducting airways, preventing collapse and air trapping
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| Part of GI tract that reabsorbs fat sol and Vit B12 | Terminal Ileum
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| MC inherited cause of Hypercoagulability | Factor V Leiden
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| Drugs that cause Sulfa-Like Rx | Tolbutamine, Chlorpropamide, Metronidazole, Procarbazine
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| Nematode ingested larvae in undercooked meat | Tridrinella spiralis
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| Renal response in hemorrhage | Inc filtration via intravascular fluid retention and efferent constriction
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| Results of congenital Rubella | Deafness, PDA, Pulm artery stenosis, cataracts, microcephaly
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| Rx for Narcolepsy | Amphetamines and Modafinil
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| Blood d/o with increased porphobilinogen levels in urine | Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
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| Enzyme def in Acute Intermittent Porphyria | Uroporphyrinogen I Synthase
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| Mutation responsible for B-thalassemia | Post transcriptional modification
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| MC DNA mutation in CF | Deletion Mutation
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| MC opportunistic infection causing pneumonia in HIV | pneumocystis jiroveci
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| RX pneumocystis jiroveci | TMP/SMX or aerosolized pentamidine
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| Protein found in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s Dz | Cytoplasmic microtubule binding protein TAU
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| Slapped cheek with arthralgias for several days & transient aplastic anemia | Erythema infectosium (B19)
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| Complication with Measles 7-9 days later | Subacute Sclerosing PanEncephalitis
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| Rash with high fever that can lat 3-5 d + conjunctivitis, otitis media, malaise | Roseola (HHV-6)
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| Blanching macular rash developed on neck and spreads to face and extremities after fever | Roseola
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| Descending rash starts on face, fever precedes rash, common lymphadenopathy | Rubella (Rubivirus)
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| Fever, sore throat, strawberry tongue, rash on trunk, neck and limbs (spare palms/soles) | Scarlet fever
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| Complications of Scarlet Fever | TSS and Necrotizing fasciitis
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| S/E Chloramphenicol | Gray baby Sx and aplastic anemia
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| How does TSST-1 cause Dz | activates lg portion of T-lymphocytes, nonspecifically, causing aggregated immune response
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| S/S of TSST-1 toxin | Fever, Hypotension, Diffuse macular rash
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| Media for Bordetella pertussis | Bordet-Gengou medium (potato)
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| Functions of Thyroid H’s | Brain maturation, Bone growth/turnover, B-adrenergic effects, Inc BMR
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| Defect in ion channels of the thick ascending Loop of Henle | Bartter’s SX
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| Labs in Bartter’s Sx | Hypokalemia, met. Alkalosis, hyperaldosteronism, inc renin, JG cell hypoplasia
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| G- rod, lactose fermenter, mucoid capsule, grows “viscous colonies” | Klebsiella
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| Twin – division 4-8 days | Monozygotic twins
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| Twin – division within 3 days | either Monozygotic or Dizygotic twins
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| Describe Monozygotic twins | 2 amnions, one placenta, one chorion
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| Describe Dizygotic twins | 2 amnions, 2 placentas, 2 chorions
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| Classic triad of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Sx | Fever, Abd pain, Vaginal discharge
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| “Violin string” adhesions in peritoneal cavity seen on laparoscopy | Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Sx
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| Up to 25% of women w/ PID, perihepatitis, RUQ pain | Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Sx
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| MOA Clozapine | D1 and D2 antagonist
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| 3 aa’s modified in Golgi | Asparagine, Serine, Threonine
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| Coarse facial features, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, high plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes | I-Cell Dz
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| Part of Golgi affected in I-Cell Dz | phosphorylation of mannose at the cis-Golgi
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| Muscle that opens Jaw | Lateral Ptyrygoid Muscle
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| Nerve that innervates muscle that opens Jaw | CN V3
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| MC tumor of parotid gland | Pleomorphic adenoma
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| Histology findings in Pleomorhpic adenoma | multiple cell types, classically epithelial cells in stroma
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| Pathologies a/w IgA nephropathy | Celiac Dz or Liver abnormalities (due to defect in IgA clearance)
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| 1st sign of Magnisium Sulfate Intoxication | Hyporefelxia, SA & AV blockade, drowsiness, Cardio arrest
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| MC Carpal bone Fx | Scaphoid
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| Thumb print sign on XRay | Epiglotitis
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| MC etiology of epiglotitis | H. flue
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| Courvoiser’s Sign | jaundice and palpable, enlarged, non-tender gallbladder (CA in head of pancreas)
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|
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| RX delirium tremens | Chlordiazepoxide (Benzo’s)
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| S/E Haloperidol | Galactorrhea b/c D2 blockage and Neuromalignant Sx
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| Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia due to failure of | pleuroperitoneal folds to form completely
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|
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| Ab’s found in Grave’s | Thyrotropin receptor stimulating antibodies
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|
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| Lab Dx Diphtheria | G+ Rods with metachromatic (blue&red) granules
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|
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| Highly painful, slow spreading cutaneus erythema | Erysipeloid (Erysipethrix rhursiopathiae)
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|
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| Only bacterium with polypeptide capsule | Anthrax (D-glutamate)
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|
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| Types of cells invaded by Leprosy | Schwann and Macrophages
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| Bacteria causing Pontiac fever | Legionella pneumophilia
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| Layers of skin affected by psoriasis | Inc. S. spinosum and Dec. S. granulosum
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|
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| Acanthosis with parakeratotic scaling (nuclei still in stratum corneum) | Psoriasis
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|
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| Flat, greasy, pigmented squamous epithelial proliferation. “Pasted on” | Seborrheic keratosis
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|
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| Acute, painful sprewading infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissues | Cellulitis
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| Pruritic papules and vesicles, “papulovesicular rash of skin-linear excoriations,” a/w celiac dz | Dermatitis herpetiformis
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|
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| Skin lesion a/w infections, drugs, cancers. Multiple types, macules, vesicles, target lesions | Erythema multiforme
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| Pruritic, purple, polygonal papules. Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction, a/w Hep C | Lichen Planus
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|
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| “Cutaneous horn” | Actinic keratosis
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| Hyperplasia of stratum spinosum, a/w hyperinsulinemia | Acanthosis nigricans
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|
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| Inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat, usually on anterior shins | Erythema nodosum
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|
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| “Herald patch” followed days later by “Christmas tree” distribution (grouping lesions) | Pityriasis rosea
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|
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| Skin cancer a/w arsenic exposure | Squamous cell carcinoma
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|
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| Skin CA a/w “palisading” nuclei, pearly papules with telangiectasias | Basal cell Carcinoma
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|
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| Skin CA a/w S-100, Breslow thickening, and p16 | Melanoma
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|
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| Brain tumor a/w pseudopalisading, pleomorphic tumor cells | Glioblastoma multiforme
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|
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| Brain tumor most often occurring in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region, from arachnoid cells | Meningioma
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|
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| Brain tumor a/w psammoma bodies and new onset of seizures | Meningioma
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| Brain tumor a/w S100, from Schwann cells | Schwannoma
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|
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| Brain tumor localized to CN VIII, usually found at cerebellopontine angle | Acoustic Schwannoma
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|
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| Brain tumor w/ “fried egg” (round nuclei with clear cytoplasm) | Oligodendroglioma
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|
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| Brain tumor MC found in posterior fossa, Rosenthal fibers | Pilocytic (MC Children’s)
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|
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| Brain tumor a/w projectile vomiting, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), hydrocephalus | Medulloblastoma
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|
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| Brain tumor a/w Rosettes or perivascular pseudorosette pattern, small blue cells (histo) | Medulloblastoma
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|
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| Brain tumor MC found in 4th ventricle, NF2, perivascular pseudorosettes, rod-shaped blepharoplasts | Ependymoma
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|
||||
| Brain tumor a/w von Hippel-Lindau Sx, can produce EPO, foamy cells | Hemangioblastoma
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|
||||
| Brain tumor a/w cystic spaces filled w/ thick brownish fluid that is rich in cholesterol | Craniopharyngioma
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|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for SLE | Type 3
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|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for hemolytic anemia | Type 2
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|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Pernicious anemia | Type 2
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|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Erythroblastosis fetalis | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for acute hemolytic transfusion reactions | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for rheumatic fever | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Goodpasture’s Sx | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Bullous pemphigoid | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for pemphigus vulgaris | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Graves’ Dz | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Myesthenia gravis | 2
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Rheumatoid arthritis | 3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for polyarteritis nodosa | 3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for serum sickness | 3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for arthus reaction | 3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for hypersensitivity pneumonitis | 3
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Type I DM | 4
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Multiple sclerosis | 4
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Guillain-Barre Sx | 4
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|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | 4
🗑
|
||||
| Type of HS RXN for Graft-vs-host Dz | 4
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for Borrelia | Giemsa
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for Plasmodium | Giemsa
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for trypanosomes | Giemsa
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|
||||
| Stain used for Chlamydia | Giemsa
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for glycogen, muchoploysaccharides | PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff)
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for Whipple’s Dz | PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for Crytococcus neoformans | India ink
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for fungi | Silver stain
🗑
|
||||
| Stain used for ribosomal RNA | Wright-Giemsa
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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