Respiratory system
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| Nasal cavities | Two spaces seperated by the nasal septum, found between the eyes above the oral cavity | ||||
| Nasal septum | A bony partition of the nasal cavities | ||||
| Nostrils | Two openings in the nasal cavities | ||||
| Nasal choana | Nasal conchae | ||||
| Nasal conchae | Curved projections along the lateral sides of the nasal cavities, filter out dust particles and warm and humidify the incoming air | ||||
| Sinuses | Small cavities in the bones of the skull, lined with mucous membranes, communicate with the nasal cavities | ||||
| Pharynx | Passageway lined with mucous membranes, connects the nasal cavities to the larynx | ||||
| Nasopharynx | Uppermost portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the nasal cavities, contains the pharyngeal tonsils | ||||
| Oropharynx | Middle portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the oral cavity, contains the palatine and lingual tonsils | ||||
| Laryngopharynx | Bottom portion of the pharynx, lies directly above the larynx | ||||
| Larynx | Cartilaginous structure, contains the vocal cords and a small protrusion of cartilage commonly called the adam's apple | ||||
| Adam's apple | Also called the voice box | ||||
| Glottis | Opening between the two vocal cords | ||||
| Epiglottis | Cartilaginous structure above the glottis, folds down over the glottis during swallowiing to prevent food and water from entering the trachea | ||||
| Trachea | Rigid tube made up of a series of horseshoe-shaped cartilaginous rings, connects the pharynx to the bronchi of the lungs | ||||
| Windpipe | Trachea | ||||
| Lungs | Organs in which gas exchange takes place | ||||
| Mediastinum | Anatomical space between the lungs where the trachea, heart, major blood vessels, and esophagus are found | ||||
| Bronchi | Cartilaginous tubes that extend from the trachea into the lungs | ||||
| Bronchioles | Small bronchi | ||||
| The exchange of gases in the lungs takes place by | Diffusion | ||||
| Terminal bronchioles | Last segments of the bronchioles, connect to the alveoli | ||||
| Alveoli | Tiny sacs that number about 350 million per lung, where gas exchange takes place | ||||
| Surfactant | Lipid secreted into the alveoli, reduces surface tension of water within the lung, thus decreasing energy required to fill the alveoli with air | ||||
| Pleural membranes | Serous membranes associated with the lungs, produce a lubricant to reduce friction between the lungs and the walls of the pleural cavity | ||||
| Parietal pleura | Serous membrane surrounding the internal walls of the thoracic cavity | ||||
| Visceral pleura | Serous membrane lining the outer surface of the lungs | ||||
| Cardiac notch | Angular notch in the left lung to accomidate the heart | ||||
| Inhalation | Active phase of breathing in which energy is used to draw air into the lungs | ||||
| Exhalation | Passive phase of breathing in which air is pushed out of the lungs | ||||
| Tidal volume | Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs in one breath during quiet, relaxed breathing | ||||
| Residual volume | Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation | ||||
| Vital capacity | Volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation | ||||
| Total lung capacity | Total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs | ||||
| Eupnea | Normal breathing | ||||
| Apnea | Breathing stops for a period of time | ||||
| Dyspnea | Trouble breathing |
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Created by:
skpoem
on 2004-07-19