Articulations

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Fibrous joints

Synarthroidal joints

Synarthrodial joints

Immoveable joints

Cartilaginous joints

Slightly moveable joints

Synovial joints

Freely moveable joints

Hinge joints

Joints that act like a door on hinges, ex. knee

Condylar joints

Joints formed by a convex surface within a concave surface permitting movement in two planes, ex. wrist

Ellipsoidal joints

Condylar joints

Glinding joints

Formed by two flat surfaces coming together allowing side to side, back and forth movement and rotation, ex. intercarpal joints

Saddle joints

Formed by two saddle shaped surfaces allowing stabilized movement in two planes, ex. carpometacarpal joint in the thumb

Ball and socket joints

Formed by a round, convex surface in a socket or cavity allowing movement in all planes, ex. shoulder

Pivot joints

Formed by a cone shaped surface articulating with a concave notch of another bone allowing rotation only, ex. axis to atlas

Flexion

Bending movement that reduces the angle of a joint

Extension

Increases the angle of the joint

Hyperextension

Increasing the angle of the joint past 180 degrees, ex. looking up at the sky

Abduction

Moving away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Moving towards the midline of the body

Supination

Rolling the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly

Pronation

Rolling the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly

Rotation

Movement around the long axis of the bone

Lateral rotation

Rotating the anterior segment of the bone laterally

Medial rotation

Rotating the anterior segment of the bone medially

Right and left rotation

Rotation of the trunk or neck to the right or left

Circumduction

Circular or cone shaped movement involving a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, ex. drawing a circle on a chalkboard with a straight elbow

Elevation

Lifting a body part upwards

Depression

Moving a body part downwards

Dorsiflexion

Pulling the top or dorsal surface of the foot upwards

Plantar flexion

Pointing the plantar surface of the foot downwards

Eversion

Rolling the sole of the foot to face more laterally

Inversion

Rolling the sole of the foot to face more medially

Protraction

Moving a body part forward

Retraction

Moving a body part backward

Horiziontal abduction

Moving an abducted part of the body backward, ex. lowering the body in a push-up

Horizontal adduction

Moving and abducted body part forward, ex. pushing the body up in a push-up

Lateral flexion

Bending the trunk or neck laterally

Nuchal ligament

Binds spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae together

Acromioclavicular ligament

Binds the distal end of the clavicle with the acromion process

Transverse carpal ligament

Covers the tendons for the wrist and finger flexors

Flexor retinaculum

Transverse carpal ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Connects the femur to the tibia

Medial collateral ligament

Connects the tibia tot eh femur

Anterior talofibular ligament

Binds the distal fibula with the talus

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Covers the anterior side of the vertebrae

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebræ, from the body of the axis, where it is continuous with the membrana tectoria, to the sacrum

Ligamentum flavum

Between lamina of adjacent vertebrae

Supraspinous ligament

Between spinous processes

Ligamentum nuchae

Nuchal ligament

Interspinous ligaments

From one spinous processes to another

Intertransverse ligaments

Between transverse processes

Ipsilateral

Same side (movement)