Appendicular skeleton-lower extremities

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Pelvic girdle

Consists of paired hipbones, connected in front at the pubic symphysis and behind by the sacrum

Os coxae

Hip bone, which comprises the ilium, ischium, and pubis

Ilium

Upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone

Iliac crest

Thick curved upper border of the ilium

Iliac fossa

Inner concavity of the ilium

Greater sciatic notch

Formed by curvature of the inferior part of the ileum

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Bony eminence on the anterosuperior border of the iliac bone, which forms the anterior end of the iliac crest

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Bony eminence on the lower part of the anterior margin of the iliac bone, projecting forwards just above the acetabulum

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Projection at the posterior end of the iliac crest

Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

Projection on the posterior margin of the ilium that is situated below the posterior superior iliac spine and is separated from it by a notch

Ischium

Long, downwards and backwards pointing part of the bony pelvis

Ishial tuberosity

Mass on the lower part of the posterior margin of the inferior ramus of ischium

Ramus of the ischium

Thin, flattened part of the ischium which ascends from the lower part of the body and joins the inferior ramus of the pubis

Ischial spine

Process of bone projecting backwards and medially from the posterior border of ischium

Pubis

One of the three sections of the hipbone; together the two pubic bones form the front of the pelvis

Pubic crest

Rough, front border of the body of the pubis

Superior pubic ramus

Superior part of the pubis forming the superior edge of the obturator foramen

Inferior pubic ramus

Inferior part of the pubis, forming the inferior edge of the obturator foramen

Pubic symphysis

Joint located between the pubes in the lower abdominal region and composed of a fibrous cartilaginous material

Obturator foramen

Largest foramen in the human body, is situated between the ischium and pubis of the hipbone, and is closed by the obturator membrane except for the obturator canal

Acetabulum

Cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint

Lesser sciatic notch

Notch in the posterior border of the ischium below the ischial spine

Body of pubis

Flattened medial portion of the pubic bone entering into the pubic symphysis

Pelvic girdle is made up of

Pelvis, sacrum, and coccyx

Femur

Thigh bone

Head of the femur

Hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone

Neck of the femur

Short, constricted, strong bar projecting at an obtuse angle (about 125°) from the upper end of the shaft of the thigh bone and supporting its head

Greater trochanter

Broad prominence at the upper end of the lateral aspect of the femur at the junction of the femoral neck and shaft

Lesser trochanter

Pyramidal prominence projecting from the proximal and medial part of the shaft of the femur

Intertrochanteric crest

Prominent ridge running obliquely downward and medialward from the summit of the greater trochanter on the posterior surface of the neck

Gluteal tuberosity

Rough surface that gluteus maximus attaches to

Linea aspera

Roughened longitudinal line on the posterior surface of the shaft of femur

Medial condyle of the femur

Shorter condyle closest to the midline

Lateral condyle of the femur

Condyle on the outer side of the lower extremity of the femur

Medial epicondyle of the femur

Epicondylus located proximal to the medial condyle

Lateral epicondyle of the femur

Epicondyle near the lateral condyle of the femur

Intercondylar notch

Between the condyles, articulates with the tibia

Patellar surface

Area on the femur that articulates with the patella

Patella

Knee cap

Tibia

Shin bone or larger bone of the lower leg

Medial condyle of the tibia

Bony prominence on the medial side of the head of the tibia

Lateral condyle of the tibia

Bony prominence on the lateral side of the head of the tibia

Tibial tuberosity

Tubercle on the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia, into which the patellar tendon inserts

Anterior crest of the tibia

A prominent border on the leg that commences at the tibial tuberosity and ends at the anterior margin of the medial malleolus

Medial malleolus of the tibia

Where the tibia is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process

Fibula

Outer and narrower of two bones of the human lower leg

Intercondylar eminence

Area on the femur that articulates with the patella

Head of the fibula

Superior extremity of the fibula, which articulates by a facet with the undersurface of the lateral condyle of the tibia

Lateral malleolus of the fibula

Pyramidal form, and somewhat flattened from side to side

Styloid process of the fibula

Projects upward from the posterior part of the head

Neck of the fibula

Slightly constricted region between the head and body of the fibula

Apex of the fibula

Styloid process of the fibula

Tarsus

Bones of the part of the foot between the metatarsus and the leg

Calcaneal bone

Largest of the tarsal bones and is situated at the lower and back part of the foot forming the heel

Talus bone

Bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint

Navicular bone

One of the middle bones of the tarsus, corresponding to the centrale

Cuboid bone

Cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus

First cuneiform bone

Largest of the three cuneiform bones, the medial bone of the distal row of the tarsus, articulating with the intermediate cuneiform, navicular, and first and second metatarsal bones

Second cuneiform bone

Smallest of the three cuneiform bones, of very regular wedge-like form, the thin end being directed downward

Third cuneiform bone

Wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost, occupies the center of the front row of the tarsal bones, between the second cuneiform medially, the cuboid laterally, the navicular behind, and the third metatarsal in front

Metatarsus

Skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus

Phalanges of the foot

Bones that form toes and are named after the digit and their distance from the body

Proximal phalanges of the foot

Closest to the foot and articulate with the metacarpals

Middle phalanges of the foot

Between the distal and proximal phalanges. The big toe does not have one

Distal phalanges of the foot

Form the tips of the toes

How many phalanges are there per foot?