Epilepsy by VanNess
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| Define seizure. | paroxysmal event due to abnormal, excessive, hypersynchronous discharges from aggregates of CNS neurons
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| epilepsy | condition of recurrent seizures due to chronic underlying process
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| epilepsy syndrome | group of clinical and/or pathologic characteristics that are distinctive and suggest a specific etiology
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| cryptogenic seizures | seizures presumed to be happening but without proof
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| idiopathic seizures | no obvious pathology or structural brain disorder behind seizure disorder
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| List 3 special populations at higher risk for epilepsy. | minorities, those with MR, CP, disabilities, Alzheimer's, post-stroke, children of those with epilepsy
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| single most important test for evaluation of epilepsy | EEG with MRI being a close 2nd
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| Classification of seizures and epilepsies is essential for: (3 reasons) | in order to focus dx on particular etiology, to select appropriate therapy, provide info about prognosis
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| Contrast partial and generalized seizures. | partial: unilateral origin on EEG, sx consistent with focal origin
generalized: bilat origin on EEG, sx c/w nonfocal origin
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| Contrast the subtypes of partial sz - complex and simple. | simple: consciousness preserved
complex: LOC
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| If a pt comes in stating she hears voices sometimes interlaced with music in the background, besides schizophrenia, what is another DDx? | simple partial seizure causing auditory hallucinations
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| Simple partial seizures with psychic symptoms are generally localized to what cortical region? | temporal lobe, can be faithfully reproduced with electrical stimulation
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| Describe an automatism. | any automatic action that is indicative of one's particular type of sz - ex: lip smacking, hands clutching the air, etc.
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| What is the most common cortical location that causes localized and symptomatic epilepsies? | temporal lobe
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| List the types of generalized seizures. | absence, myoclonic, clonic, tonic, tonic-clonic, atonic
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| What two pieces of information are most helpful in narrowing down the type of sz afflicting a pt? | age and description of the sz activity
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| most common cause of epilepsy in early adulthood (especially males) | trauma - war, boxing, football concussions
2nd - EtOH, drugs
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| You are attending a 50 y/o Mexican man in the ER who has just had his first seizure. On CT scan, you note plaques on the brain that are very characteristic. Diagnosis: | cysticercosis
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| The most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy: | right hippocampal sclerosis, detectable on MRI
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