midterm1
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| cardiovascular diseases | heart and blood pressures/ strokes
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| glucose is derived from? and important to? | carbs; brain function
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| types of horomones: | testestorone, estrogen, thyroid, insulin, glucogen
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| VLDL is very high in.. | triglycerides
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| cholesterol | fatty foods
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| atherolscylosis | artery disease from clog of fatty material on inner walls
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| whole grain | bran, wheat, germ
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| glycogen is the storage form of | glucose and carbohydrates
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| Modifiability | Fixed and modified variables
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| modified variables of modifiability | skill, motivation, speed, strength, endurance
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| fixed variables of modifiability | body weight, composition, power, flexibility, biochemistry of muscle, agility
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| Overload | stress applied to body
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| Adaption | How body responds to stress
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| Specificity | the adaption that occurs is limited by the type of overload imposed
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| Periodization of training (P.O.T.) | training/ preparing changes over a period of time
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| Rate of Progression | everyone is different in their progression
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| Individual Principle | genetics
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| Motivation | goal setting
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| M O A S P. O. T. R I M | Modifiability
Overload
Adaption
Specificity
Periodization of training
Rate of progression
Individual principle
Motivation
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| Three Parameters for exercise | 1. Frequency 2. Intensity 3. Duration
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| Aromatase | Steroid hormones that produce estrogen
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| Pulmonary veins carry.. | deoxygenated blood
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| if heart does not get enough oxygen it becomes.. | ischemic, heart cells die resulting in heart attack
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| some components of blood: | water, hormones, enzymes, signaling molecules, glucose, amino acids, fats
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| Two major functions of cardiovascular system: | 1. deliver oxygen and nutrients to body cells
2. remove end products of metabolism
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| heart phase- Systole | period wehre heart ejects blood -> higher BP
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| heart phase- Diastole | period when heart relaxes and fills w. blood -> lower BP
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| Three diseases of the heart: | 1. Valvular
2. Arrhythmias
3. Ischemia
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| Myocardial Infraction | when heart muscles die and turn into scar tissue
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| Ischemia can happen in the.. | heart, brain, and other arteries
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| Five stages of Atherosclerosis: | normal artery, fatty streak, fibrous cap, calcification, rupture of cap
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| Three functions of Cholesterol: | 1. Part of cell membrane structure, 2. precursor to the steroid horomones, 3. part of bile acids
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| lipoprotein | lipids + proteins, how cholesterol and fat is packaged
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| chylomicrons | fat in bloodstream after meal
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| VLDL | high in triglycerides
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| Recommeded blood cholesterol | >200
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| Ketogenic diets are.. | free from carbs, increase production of ketones
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| anaerobic metabolism does not require.. | oxygen
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| Glycolysis | the process when glucose is converted into pyruvate
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| ATP= | energy
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| glycogen | storage form of carbohydrates
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| aerobic needs | oxygen
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| fat usually seen in males | android
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| Isometric muscle action | as muscle contracts, there is no change in joint angles
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| Isotonic muscle action | as muscle contracts, there is a change in joint angles (concentric-muscle shortening), (Eccentric-muscle lengthening)
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| Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) | measures amt of CO2 exhales to amt of O2 consumed
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| Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) | the extra oxygen consumed following exercise as metabolic rate is returning to normal
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| VO2 max | maximal aerobic capacity
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| Cardiac output | the total amt of oxygenated blood delivered to the body/min
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| Lactate threshold | the highest exercise intenisity that can be performed w/out a significant accumulation of blood lactate
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| Resistance training; 1 RM= | repetetion maximum load
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| Three factors that determine fluid absorption rate: | temperature, volume, electrolytes
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| Stenosis | narrowing of the blood vessel
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| Hypertension | BP 140/90, increased resistance
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| vasoconstriction | high resistance
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| vasodilation | low resistance
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| Endothelial Dysfunction | endothelial cells become damaged, platelet aggregation and lipid oxidation
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| Diabetes | glucose transport, insulin resistant
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| 2 ways skeletal muscles take up glucose | insulin, exercise
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| Type 1 Diabetes characteristics: | insulin dependent (injections), genetic, cannot be reversed
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| Type 2 Diabetes characteristics: | non-insulin dependent, obesity,
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