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68WM6-A&P 6

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
which kidney is located lower in the back?   right  
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outer layer of kidney substance   cortex  
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inner portion of kidney   medulla  
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triangular divisions of medulla   pyramids  
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narrow, innermost end of renal pyramid   papilla  
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expansion of upper end of ureter which lies inside the kidney   renal pelvis  
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divisions of the renal pelvis   calyces  
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the microscopic units of the kidneys   nephrons  
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the two main divisions of a nephron   renal corpuscle, renal tubule  
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the two parts of the renal corpuscle   bowman's capsule, glomerulus  
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the cup shaped top of the renal corpuscle   bowman's capsule  
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the network of blood capillaries surrounded by bowman's capsule   glomerulus  
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the first segment of the renal tubule   proximal convoluted tubule  
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and extension of the proximal tubule, consisting of descending limb, loop, and ascending limb   loop of henle  
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the extension of the ascending limb of the loop of henle   distal convoluted tubule  
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straight extension of the distal convoluted tubule   collecting tubule  
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this hormone secreted by the kidney helps regulate blood pressure   renin  
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the hormone produced in this part of the kidney stimulates RBC production and maturation   juxtaglomerular apparatus  
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5 functions of the kidney   excrete toxins and nitrogenous wastes; regulate chemical levels; maintain water balance; regulate blood pressure; stimulate RBC production and maturation  
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three processes of urine formation   filtration, reabsorption, secretion  
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this process of urine formation takes place in the renal corpuscles; glomerular blood pressure forces water and dissolved substances out of the glomeruli into bowman's capsule   filtration  
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this process of urine formation involves the muovement of substances out of renal tubules into blood   reabsorption  
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this process of urine formation involves the movement of substances into urine in the distal and collecting tubules   secretion  
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this hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary regulates urinary volume output   antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  
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narrow, long tubes with expanded upper end located inside the kidney and lined with mucous membrane   ureters  
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these structures drain urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder   ureters  
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the folds of the mucous membrane in the bladder   rugae  
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narrow tube from the urinary bladder to the exterior   urethra  
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extra function of the urethra in males only   passage of reproductive fluid  
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another word for urionation or voiding   micturition  
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the internal urinary sphincter is under ___________ control, and the external urinary sphincter is under _________ control   involuntary; voluntary  
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a condition is which urine is produced but not voided   urinary retention  
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a condition in which the bladder is normal but no urine is produced   urinary supression  
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a condition in which urine is voided involuntarily   incontinence  
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bladder infection   cystitis  
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need for frequent urination, also called interstitial cystitis   overactive bladder  
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mineralocorticoid that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium, and therefore, water   aldosterone  
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absence of urine   anuria  
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use of ultrasound waves to break up kidney stones without making an incision   lithotripsy  
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kidney disease   nephropathy  
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scanty amounts of urine   oliguria  
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kidney stones   renal calculi  
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pain caused by passage of a kidney stone   renal colic  
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the amount of a substance (such as glucose) that exceeds the amount that the kidneys are able to absorb, causing it to "leak" into the urine   renal threshold  
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smooth triangular area on the wall of the urinary bladder   trigone  
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high levels of nitrogen-containing waste products in the blood   uremia or uremic poisoning  
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essential reproduction organs of the male reproductive system   testes  
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accessory organs of the male reproductive system   ducts, sex glands, external genitals  
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these accessory organs of the male reproductive system are passageways that carry sperm from the testes to the exterior   ducts  
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these accessory organs of the male reproductive system produce protective and nutrient solutions for sperm   sex glands  
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the process of sperm production   spermatogenesis  
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this hormone produced by the testes masculinizes and promotes the development of male accessory organs   testosterone  
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single coiled tube about 6m in length that lies along the top and behind the testis in the scrotum   epididymus  
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receives sperm from the epididymis and transports them from the scrotal sac through the abdominal cavity   ductus (vas) deferens  
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mixture of sperm and accessory sex glands   semen  
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this accessory organ of the male reproductive system is shaped like a doghnut and is located below the bladder   prostate  
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these accessory organs of the male reproductive system are pea shaped glands that secrete mucous   bulbourethral (cowper's) glands  
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surgical removal of foreskin   circumcision  
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two dorsal columns of erectile tissue   corpora cavernosa  
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the ventral column of erectile tissue surrounding the urethra   corpus spongiosum  
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essential organs of the female reproductive system   ovaries (gonads)  
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accessory organs of the female reproductive system   ducts, sex glands, external genitals  
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this hormone produced by the ovaries causes develpment and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics   estrogen  
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approximately how many ovarian follicles does a female have at birth?   1 million  
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approximately how many primary ovarian follicles does a female have at puberty?   400,000  
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this structure forms from the follicle after ovulation   corpus luteum  
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the meiotic cell division that produces daughter cells with equal chromosome numbers but unequal cytoplasm   oogenesis  
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the cells of the ovaries that produce estrogen   granulosa ceels  
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the structure that produces progesterone following ovulation   corpus luteum  
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the muscle layer of the uterus   myometrium  
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the layer of the uterus lost in menstruation   endometrium  
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end of repetetive menstrual cycles which occurs at approximately 45-50 years of age   menopause  
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glands of the vagina that secrete lubricating fluid   bartholin's glands  
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components of the vulva   mons pubis, clitoris, orifice of urethra, bartholin's gland, vagina, labia minora, labia majora, and hymen  
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area between the vaginal opening and anus   perineum  
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surgical cut to perineum during childbirth   episiotomy  
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length of average menstrual cycle   28 days  
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the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endomentrium is shed   menses  
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the phase of the menstrual cycle between menses and secretory phase   proliferative phase  
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the phase of the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the beginning of the next menses   secretory phase  
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specialized structure on the sperm containing enzymes that break down the covering of the ovum to allow entry   acrosome  
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absence of normal menstruation   amenorrhea  
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cavity   antrum  
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the pigmented ring around the nipple   areola  
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noncancerous enlargement of the prostate   benign prostatic hypertrophy  
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surgical removal of the foreskin   circumcision  
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erectile tissue located in the vestibule of the vagina   clitoris  
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two columns of erectile tissue found in the shaft of the penis   corpora cavernosa  
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the column of erictile tissue surrounding the urethra   corpus spongiosum  
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undescended testicles   cryptorchidism  
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tube that allows sperm to exit from the epididymis and pass from the scrotal sac into the abdominal cavity   vas deferens  
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a pregnancy outside the uterus   ectopic pregnancy  
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sudden discharge of semen from the body   ejaculation  
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tightly coiled tube that lies along the top and behind the testes where sperm mature   epididymis  
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fringe; fingerlike projections on the fallopian tubes   fimbriae  
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sex cell; sperm or ova   gamete  
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a mature ovum in its sac   graafian follicle  
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surgical removal of the uterus   hysterectomy  
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duct that drains milk secreting glands of the breast   lactiferous duct  
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the first menstrual cycle   menarche  
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immature stage of the femal sex cell   oocyte  
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production of female gametes   oogenesis  
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surgical removal of the ovaries   oophorectomy  
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release of an egg from the ovary   ovulation  
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inflammatory disease of the female reproductive tract   pelvic inflammatory disease  
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area between the vulva and the anus   perineum  
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another name for the foreskin   prepuce  
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surgical removal of all or part of the prostate   prostatectomy  
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prostate enlargement   prostatic hypertrophy  
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inflammation of the prostate   prostatitis  
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the resulting daugher cells from the primary spermatocyte undergoing meiosis   spermatid  
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precursors to sperm cells   spermatogonia  
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sperm cells   spermatozoa  
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tough, whitish membrane that surrounds each testis and divides the testis into lobules   tunica albuginea  
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fertilized ovum   zygote  
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the cells in the testes that secrete testosterone   interstitial cells  
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this gland secretes a thin, milky fluid that makes up about 30% of the seminal fluid   prostate gland  
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pair of gland that produce a thick, yellowish, fructose rich fluid that makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid   seminal vesicles  
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the most abundant body compound   water  
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water is ______ percent of body weight in males, _____ percent in females   60, 50  
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average volume in liters of water in a 70kg male   40  
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two major body fluid compartments   intracellular, extracellular  
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three types of extracellular fluid   interstitial, intravascular, transcellular  
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this type of extracellular fluid is found between cells   interstitial  
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this type of extracellular fluid is found in the vascular spaces (also called plasma)   intravascular  
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this type of fluid is found in a special compartment (lymph, CSF, eye humors)   transcellular  
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organic substances that do not break up or dissociate when placed in water solution   nonelectrolytes  
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compounds that break up or dissociate in water solution into ions   electrolytes  
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the dissociated particles of an electrolyte that carry an electrical charge   ions  
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most abundant and important extracellular cation   sodium  
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fluid output exceeds fluid intake   dehydration  
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fluid intake exeeds fluid output   overhydration  
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positively charged ion   cation  
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negatively charged ion   anion  
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buildup of extracellular fluid in interstitial spaces   edema  
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process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to low concentration   diffusion  
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pressure exerted by fluids   hydrostatic pressure  
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solution with a higher level of salt than is found in a living RBC   hypertonic  
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solution with a lower level of salt than is found in a living RBC   hypotonic  
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circulatory failure caused by a drop in blood volume that causes blood pressure to drop   hypovolemic shock  
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a solution that has the same salt concentration as the normal cell of the body and the blood   isotonic  
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movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane   osmosis  
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primary regulator of water intake   thirst  
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most abundant cation in the intracellular fluid   potassium  
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most abundant ion in the body; found mostly in bones and teeth   calcium  
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main extracellular anion   chloride  
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extracellular anion that is important in the acid/base regulation of the body   bicarbonate  
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lower than normal blood sodium   hyponatremia  
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higher than normal blood sodium   hypernatremia  
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lower than normal blood potassium   hypokalemia  
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higher than normal blood potassium   hyperkalemia  
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