Hy - FA Rapid Review - Classic Labs & Findings
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| Anticentromere antibodies | Scleroderma (CREST)
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| Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies | Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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| Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane antibodies | Goodpasture’s Syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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| Antihistone antibodies | Drug-induced SLE
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| Anti-IgG antibodies | Rheumatoid Arthritis
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| Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) | 1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestatis, portal hypertension)
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| Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) | Vasculitis( Wegener’s, microscopic poly angitis, glomerulonephritis)
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| Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: antiSmith and anti-dsDNA) | SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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| Antiplatelet antibodies | idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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| Anti-topoisomerase antibodies | diffuse systemic scleroderma
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| Anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies | celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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| Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts | Auer rods 9acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)
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| “bamboo spine” on x-ray | Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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| Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs | Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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| Basophilic stippling of RBCs | lead poisoning or sideroblastic anema
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| Bloody tap on LP | subarachnoid hemorrhage
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| “boot-shaped” heart on X-ray | Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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| Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules | Actinomyces israelii
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| Bronchogenic apical lung tumor | Pancoast’s tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)
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| “Brown” tumor of bone | Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes borwn color of osteolytic cysts due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism, 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystic (von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone)
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| Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy | Chagas’ disease (trypanosome cruzi)
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| Cellular crescents in bowman’s capsule | rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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| Chocolate cyst of ovary | endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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| Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils | Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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| Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs | Cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in caucasisans resulting in fat-souble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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| Degeneration of dorsal column nervs | Tabes dorsalis (Tertiary Syphallis)
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| Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra | parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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| desquamated epithelium casts in sputum | Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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| disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophillic fluid | call-exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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| Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hperchromasia | Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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| Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies | "owl's-eye" appearance of CMV
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| Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei | "orhpan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell | Lewy Body (parkinson's disease)
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| Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell | Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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| Eosinophic globule in liver | councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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| Eosinphilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells | Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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| Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain | Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease
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| Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye") | Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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| Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells | Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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| "hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray | β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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| hCG elevated | Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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| Heart nodules (inflammatory) | Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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| Heterophile antibodies | infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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| Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions | Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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| High level of D-dimers | DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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| "honeycomb lung" on x-ray | interstitial fibrosis
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| Hypersegmented neutrophils | Megaloblastic anemia (B12, folate deficiency)
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| Hypochromic, microcytic anemia | Iron deficiency anemia, lead poinsoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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| Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum | Anecephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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| increased uric acid levels | Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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| Intranuclear eosinphilic droplet-like bodies | Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
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| Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum | ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
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| Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised | Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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| Low serum ceruloplsamin | Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degneration)
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| "lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence | post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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| lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray | Multiple myeloma
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| Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst | Fibrocytsic change of the breast
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| monoclonal antibody spike | 1. Multiple Myelmoa (M protein) 2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (M protein)
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| Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine | Bence Jones proteins Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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| Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus | signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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| Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph | "string sign" (Crohn's Disease)
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| Needle-shaped, negatively birefringement crystaals | Gout (hyperuricemia)
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| Nodular Hyaline deposits in glomeruli | Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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| "nutmeg" appearance of liver | Crhonic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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| "onion-skin" periosteal reaction | Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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| Periosteum raided from bone, creating triangular area | Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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| podocyte fusion on EM | minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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| Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion | Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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| protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau | neurofibrillary tangles (alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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| pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement | glioblastoma multiforme
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| RBC casts in urine | acute glomerulonephritis
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| rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in leydig cells | Reinke crystals (ledig cell tumor)
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| Renal epithelial casts in urine | acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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| Rhomboid crystals, positively bifringent | pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate)
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| Rib notching | coarctation of the aorta
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| Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells (“starry sky” appearance on histology) | Burkitt’s lymphoma (t[8
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| Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons | Pick bodies (Pick’s disease: progressive dementia, similar to alzheimers)
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| Small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify) | Ghon focus (Primary TB: mycobacterium bacilli)
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| Small, round RBC inclusions | Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, α-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
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| “soap bubble” on x-ray | Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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| “Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome-like” endothelial deposits | Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephritic syndrome)
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| Stacks of red blood cells | Rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myloma)
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| Stippled vaginal epithelial cells | “clue cells” (gardnerella vaginalis)
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| “tennis-racket”-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in langerhans cells | Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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| Thrombi made of white/red layers | Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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| “thumb sign” on lateral x-ray | Epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
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| Thyroid-like appearance of kidney | chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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| “Tram-track” appearance on LM | membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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| Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles | fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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| WBCs that look “smudged” | CLL (almost always B cell
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| “Wire loop” glomerular appearance on LM | Lupus nephropathy
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| Yellow CSF | xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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