Cellular review

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Prokaryote   A cell that does not have a nucleus  
Eukaryote   A cell with an enclosed nucleus  
Cell membrane   Contains the cell contents and regulates what comes in or out  
Cytoplasm   Cell fluid  
Nulceus   Contains genetic material  
Deoxyribonucleic acid   DNA  
DNA   Genetic master plan  
Chromosomes   Threadlike structures of DNA  
Genes   Segments of chromosomes  
Ribonucleic acid   RNA  
RNA   Carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm  
Ribosomes   Organelles for decoding RNA and synthesizing proteins  
Endoplasmic reticulum   Collects the proteins and then packages them for shipping to other areas of the body  
Rough ER   Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes  
Smooth ER   ER without ribosomes; many enzymes are contained here  
Golgi apparatus   Stores, modifies, sorts, and delivers products of ER and ribosomes  
Mitochodria   Responsible for taking energy out of sugars (powerhouse of the cell)  
Lysosome   A small pocket of digestive enzymes to destroy foreign or damaged cells or organelles  
Cenrioles   Supervise cell division  
Cilia   Hair-like protrusions from the cell membrane used for moving substances around the cell  
Flagellum   A tail like projection used for motility  
Mitosis   Cell division  
Tonicity   A measure of the strength of a solution  
Hypertonic   A high concentration of solute  
Isotonic   An equal concentration of solute  
Hypotonic   A low concentration of solute  
Diffusion   Movement of solute from hypertonic to hypotonic  
Osmosis   Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane  
Osmotic pressure   Pressure created from osmosis  
Filtration   Movement of fluid through a membrane that restricts larger molecules but allows smaller ones  
Active transport   Transport of substances into or out of the cell that requires energy  
Phagocytosis   Solid particles engulfed by the cell membrane (eaten by the cell)  
Pinocytosis   Fluids are engulfed by the cell membrane (drank by the cell)  
Dialysis   Artificial filtering of the blood through a semipermeable membrane  
Histology   Study of tissues  
Epithelial tissue   Tissue that lines body surfaces  
Squamous epithelial tissue   Flattened cells for diffusion, filtration and protection  
Cuboidal epithelial tissue   Cube shaped cells found lining secretory, excretory, and absorptive glands and ducts  
Columnar epithelial tissue   Column shaped cells used for protection and sometimes mucous production  
Transitional epithelial tissue   Similar to squamous addapted for stretching  
Connective tissue   Tissue used for packaging, protecting, and supporting various organs  
Adiposed tissue   Made up of adipose cells that store fat  
Fascia   The lining around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves that holds them in place  
Dense fibrous connective tissue   Strong but flexible used to bind muscle to bone or bone to bone  
Tendon   Tissue that connects muscle to bone or other tissue  
Ligament   Tissue that connects bone to bone  
Reticular connective tissue   Tissue woven from a network of fibers with some phagocytes  
Bone   The most rigid connective tissue  
Cartilage   A semisolid somewhat elastic material  
Blood   Specialized cells suspended in liquid  
Muscle tissue   Responsible for every movement of the body  
Smooth muscle tissue   Found in hollow organs of the body, involuntary control, nonstriated  
Viceral muscle tissue   AKA smooth muscle tissue  
Cardiac muscle tissue   Found in the heart, involuntary control, striated, contains intercalated disks  
Intercalated disks   Small disks at the end of each cell that connects the cells together and allows the spread of electrical activation from one cell to those around it  
Skeletal muscle tissue   Muscle, voluntary control, striated  
Nervous tissue   Responsible for contucting nerve impusles through the body  
Neuron   Nerve cell for conducting nerve impulses  
Myelin   Neurological cells that wrap around neurons to provide support and protection  
Mucous membranes   Secrete mucous  
Serous membranes   Secrete serous fluid  
Pleurae   Serous membranes of the lungs  
Pericardium   Serous membranes of the heart  
Peritoneum   Serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity  
Synovial membranes   Highly vascular membranes that surround the inside of synovial joint capsules  
Which of the 4 nucleotides that form DNA binds with Cytosine?   Guanine  
Which of the 4 nucleotides that make up DNA binds with Adenine?   Thymine  
What does RNA use to bind with Adenine?   Uracil  
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)   Stored energy  
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)   Energy needed for life  
Extracellular   Outside of cell  
Interstitial fluid   Fluid outside of cell  
Intracellular fluid   Cytoplasm  
The plasma membrane is made of a   Bilayer of phospholipids  
Simple (layering ex. simple squamous)   1 layer  
Stratified (layering ex. stratified squamous)   More then 1 layer  
Chondrocytes   Cartilage cells  


   

 
 

 
 

 

 
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