| Question |
 |
|
| Answer |
|
|
| Prokaryote |
A cell that does not have a nucleus |
| Eukaryote |
A cell with an enclosed nucleus |
| Cell membrane |
Contains the cell contents and regulates what comes in or out |
| Cytoplasm |
Cell fluid |
| Nulceus |
Contains genetic material |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNA |
| DNA |
Genetic master plan |
| Chromosomes |
Threadlike structures of DNA |
| Genes |
Segments of chromosomes |
| Ribonucleic acid |
RNA |
| RNA |
Carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| Ribosomes |
Organelles for decoding RNA and synthesizing proteins |
| Endoplasmic reticulum |
Collects the proteins and then packages them for shipping to other areas of the body |
| Rough ER |
Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes |
| Smooth ER |
ER without ribosomes; many enzymes are contained here |
| Golgi apparatus |
Stores, modifies, sorts, and delivers products of ER and ribosomes |
| Mitochodria |
Responsible for taking energy out of sugars (powerhouse of the cell) |
| Lysosome |
A small pocket of digestive enzymes to destroy foreign or damaged cells or organelles |
| Cenrioles |
Supervise cell division |
| Cilia |
Hair-like protrusions from the cell membrane used for moving substances around the cell |
| Flagellum |
A tail like projection used for motility |
| Mitosis |
Cell division |
| Tonicity |
A measure of the strength of a solution |
| Hypertonic |
A high concentration of solute |
| Isotonic |
An equal concentration of solute |
| Hypotonic |
A low concentration of solute |
| Diffusion |
Movement of solute from hypertonic to hypotonic |
| Osmosis |
Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| Osmotic pressure |
Pressure created from osmosis |
| Filtration |
Movement of fluid through a membrane that restricts larger molecules but allows smaller ones |
| Active transport |
Transport of substances into or out of the cell that requires energy |
| Phagocytosis |
Solid particles engulfed by the cell membrane (eaten by the cell) |
| Pinocytosis |
Fluids are engulfed by the cell membrane (drank by the cell) |
| Dialysis |
Artificial filtering of the blood through a semipermeable membrane |
| Histology |
Study of tissues |
| Epithelial tissue |
Tissue that lines body surfaces |
| Squamous epithelial tissue |
Flattened cells for diffusion, filtration and protection |
| Cuboidal epithelial tissue |
Cube shaped cells found lining secretory, excretory, and absorptive glands and ducts |
| Columnar epithelial tissue |
Column shaped cells used for protection and sometimes mucous production |
| Transitional epithelial tissue |
Similar to squamous addapted for stretching |
| Connective tissue |
Tissue used for packaging, protecting, and supporting various organs |
| Adiposed tissue |
Made up of adipose cells that store fat |
| Fascia |
The lining around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves that holds them in place |
| Dense fibrous connective tissue |
Strong but flexible used to bind muscle to bone or bone to bone |
| Tendon |
Tissue that connects muscle to bone or other tissue |
| Ligament |
Tissue that connects bone to bone |
| Reticular connective tissue |
Tissue woven from a network of fibers with some phagocytes |
| Bone |
The most rigid connective tissue |
| Cartilage |
A semisolid somewhat elastic material |
| Blood |
Specialized cells suspended in liquid |
| Muscle tissue |
Responsible for every movement of the body |
| Smooth muscle tissue |
Found in hollow organs of the body, involuntary control, nonstriated |
| Viceral muscle tissue |
AKA smooth muscle tissue |
| Cardiac muscle tissue |
Found in the heart, involuntary control, striated, contains intercalated disks |
| Intercalated disks |
Small disks at the end of each cell that connects the cells together and allows the spread of electrical activation from one cell to those around it |
| Skeletal muscle tissue |
Muscle, voluntary control, striated |
| Nervous tissue |
Responsible for contucting nerve impusles through the body |
| Neuron |
Nerve cell for conducting nerve impulses |
| Myelin |
Neurological cells that wrap around neurons to provide support and protection |
| Mucous membranes |
Secrete mucous |
| Serous membranes |
Secrete serous fluid |
| Pleurae |
Serous membranes of the lungs |
| Pericardium |
Serous membranes of the heart |
| Peritoneum |
Serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| Synovial membranes |
Highly vascular membranes that surround the inside of synovial joint capsules |
| Which of the 4 nucleotides that form DNA binds with Cytosine? |
Guanine |
| Which of the 4 nucleotides that make up DNA binds with Adenine? |
Thymine |
| What does RNA use to bind with Adenine? |
Uracil |
| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) |
Stored energy |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
Energy needed for life |
| Extracellular |
Outside of cell |
| Interstitial fluid |
Fluid outside of cell |
| Intracellular fluid |
Cytoplasm |
| The plasma membrane is made of a |
Bilayer of phospholipids |
| Simple (layering ex. simple squamous) |
1 layer |
| Stratified (layering ex. stratified squamous) |
More then 1 layer |
| Chondrocytes |
Cartilage cells |
