Cellular review
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| Prokaryote | A cell that does not have a nucleus
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| Eukaryote | A cell with an enclosed nucleus
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| Cell membrane | Contains the cell contents and regulates what comes in or out
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| Cytoplasm | Cell fluid
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| Nulceus | Contains genetic material
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA
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| DNA | Genetic master plan
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| Chromosomes | Threadlike structures of DNA
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| Genes | Segments of chromosomes
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| Ribonucleic acid | RNA
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| RNA | Carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
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| Ribosomes | Organelles for decoding RNA and synthesizing proteins
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Collects the proteins and then packages them for shipping to other areas of the body
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| Rough ER | Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes
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| Smooth ER | ER without ribosomes; many enzymes are contained here
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| Golgi apparatus | Stores, modifies, sorts, and delivers products of ER and ribosomes
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| Mitochodria | Responsible for taking energy out of sugars (powerhouse of the cell)
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| Lysosome | A small pocket of digestive enzymes to destroy foreign or damaged cells or organelles
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| Cenrioles | Supervise cell division
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| Cilia | Hair-like protrusions from the cell membrane used for moving substances around the cell
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| Flagellum | A tail like projection used for motility
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| Mitosis | Cell division
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| Tonicity | A measure of the strength of a solution
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| Hypertonic | A high concentration of solute
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| Isotonic | An equal concentration of solute
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| Hypotonic | A low concentration of solute
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| Diffusion | Movement of solute from hypertonic to hypotonic
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
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| Osmotic pressure | Pressure created from osmosis
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| Filtration | Movement of fluid through a membrane that restricts larger molecules but allows smaller ones
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| Active transport | Transport of substances into or out of the cell that requires energy
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| Phagocytosis | Solid particles engulfed by the cell membrane (eaten by the cell)
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| Pinocytosis | Fluids are engulfed by the cell membrane (drank by the cell)
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| Dialysis | Artificial filtering of the blood through a semipermeable membrane
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| Histology | Study of tissues
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| Epithelial tissue | Tissue that lines body surfaces
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| Squamous epithelial tissue | Flattened cells for diffusion, filtration and protection
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| Cuboidal epithelial tissue | Cube shaped cells found lining secretory, excretory, and absorptive glands and ducts
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| Columnar epithelial tissue | Column shaped cells used for protection and sometimes mucous production
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| Transitional epithelial tissue | Similar to squamous addapted for stretching
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| Connective tissue | Tissue used for packaging, protecting, and supporting various organs
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| Adiposed tissue | Made up of adipose cells that store fat
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| Fascia | The lining around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves that holds them in place
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| Dense fibrous connective tissue | Strong but flexible used to bind muscle to bone or bone to bone
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| Tendon | Tissue that connects muscle to bone or other tissue
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| Ligament | Tissue that connects bone to bone
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| Reticular connective tissue | Tissue woven from a network of fibers with some phagocytes
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| Bone | The most rigid connective tissue
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| Cartilage | A semisolid somewhat elastic material
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| Blood | Specialized cells suspended in liquid
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| Muscle tissue | Responsible for every movement of the body
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| Smooth muscle tissue | Found in hollow organs of the body, involuntary control, nonstriated
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| Viceral muscle tissue | AKA smooth muscle tissue
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| Cardiac muscle tissue | Found in the heart, involuntary control, striated, contains intercalated disks
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| Intercalated disks | Small disks at the end of each cell that connects the cells together and allows the spread of electrical activation from one cell to those around it
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| Skeletal muscle tissue | Muscle, voluntary control, striated
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| Nervous tissue | Responsible for contucting nerve impusles through the body
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| Neuron | Nerve cell for conducting nerve impulses
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| Myelin | Neurological cells that wrap around neurons to provide support and protection
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| Mucous membranes | Secrete mucous
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| Serous membranes | Secrete serous fluid
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| Pleurae | Serous membranes of the lungs
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| Pericardium | Serous membranes of the heart
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| Peritoneum | Serous membranes of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| Synovial membranes | Highly vascular membranes that surround the inside of synovial joint capsules
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| Which of the 4 nucleotides that form DNA binds with Cytosine? | Guanine
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| Which of the 4 nucleotides that make up DNA binds with Adenine? | Thymine
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| What does RNA use to bind with Adenine? | Uracil
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| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | Stored energy
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| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Energy needed for life
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| Extracellular | Outside of cell
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| Interstitial fluid | Fluid outside of cell
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| Intracellular fluid | Cytoplasm
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| The plasma membrane is made of a | Bilayer of phospholipids
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| Simple (layering ex. simple squamous) | 1 layer
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| Stratified (layering ex. stratified squamous) | More then 1 layer
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| Chondrocytes | Cartilage cells
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