Worsham RA Q1
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| What is the purpose of RA? | Care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color.
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| Physiognomy | the anatomical study of the face and features, usually eyes, nose, mouth, and ears
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| who is the founder of RA | Joel E. Crandall
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| projection | jetting out in compareison to the back ground plane
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| prominence | the part that projects
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| recession | moving backward of part or structure compared to the forground plane
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| depression | the part that recesses from from the foreground plane
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| the most common skull shape | oval
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| the width of the skull is ___ the length | 2/3
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| the are _ crainal bones and _ facial bones | 6, 7
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| the crainal bones are | occipital, frontal, parietal and temporal
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| the facial bones are | nasal, zygomatic, maxillary, mandible
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| occipital bone is located | the most posterior and inferior of the cranium, supports & protects the bottom of brain (cerebellum).
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| occipital bone is separated by ____ and is bordered by | lamdoidal suture, separating it from the parietal and temporal bones
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| how many landmarks does the occipital bone have | 3
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| foramen magnum | located medially on the inferior underside of the occipital bone. opening the spinal cord descends
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| external occiptial protuberance (EOP) | located medially and posterior to the foramen magnum
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| superior (nuchaline) crest | bony ridge extending bilaterally from EOP
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| the superior crest is the origin of ________ muscle which marks the change in direction form bertical to horizontal | occipto frontalis
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| occipital condyles | eminences on either side of the foramen magnum, points of attachment to the vertebrae
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| the first cervical vertebrae, fused to the skull and does not move | atlas CV1 or C1
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| axis | the second cervical vertebrae, allows movemnet
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| the widest part of the skull is measured between the | parietal eminances
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| the parietal bones are located | superior to the temporal and occipital bones, posterior to the frontal bone
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| forms the largest part of the cranium and protects the superior part of the sides and back of the brain, posterior and top 2/3 as well | the parietal bones
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| the parietal bones are separated by the | mid-saggital suture
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| the parietal bones are separated from the occipital bone by | lamdoidal suture
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| the parietal bones are separated from the temporal bone by | squamosa suture
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| the parietal bones are separated from the frontal bone by | coronal suture
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| parietal eminence | bumps on the parietal bones, posterior to the ear
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| the temporal bones are located | inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone. Forms lower side and part of the base of the cranium. Protects the temperal lobe of the brain.
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| the temporal bones are separated from the occipital bone by the | lamdoidal suture
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| the temporal bones are separated from the parietal and frontal bones by the | squamosal suture
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| squama | the temple, anterior and superior part of the temporal bone, the thinest cranium bone
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| temporal-recesses | medially, forms the temporal cavity
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| external auditory meatus | ear passage, acts as a funnel, leads into interior of skull, leads to inner ear
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| mandibular fossa | socket-like depression directly anterior to external auditory meatus. Joint that allows the lower to move.
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| mastoid process | most posterior & inferior part of the temporal bone, triangular in shape
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| the widest measurment of the neck | between the mastoid process
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| zygomatic arches or zygomatic process of the temporal bone | long thin narrow arch-like ribbon of bone. Arises directly above ear passage, extends anteriorly, and bulges out.
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| the widest part of the face is measured between | the zygomatic arches
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| The frontal bone is located | most anterior and superior bone of the cranium. Forms the forehead and anterior part of the crown, also forms the upper part of the temple
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| frontal bone is separated from the parietal bones by the | coronal suture
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| frontal bone is separated from the temporal bones by the | squamosal suture
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| frontal eminece is | where dirction changes on frontal bone. 2 round bumps in the hairline
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| superciliary arches | eyebrow arches, 2 comma-shaped arch-like eminences, lower part of the forehead, just above the medial ends of the eyebrows
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| supraorbital margin | 2 ridges just above the eye sockets, curves and forms the lateral boundary of the eye sockets
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| glabella | small, smooth elevation between superciliary arches, nasal bone starts right below
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| lines of the temple | 2 vertical ridges on each side of the frontal bone, starts above the lateral rim of the eye socket, goes up vertically and arches medially, ends at level of frontal emineces. divides forehead from lateral part of frontal bone
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| what is the degree of the angle of the frontal bone | 110
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| central plane of the frontal bone | located in the front of the forehead between the upper arch of eyebrows, is the flattest part of the skull. extends vertically and horizontally
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| medial plane of the frontal bone | narrow area just above the nose midline, imaginary line rising vertically above a point slightly lateral to the ends of the eyebrows
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| lateral plane on the frontal bone | wider, extends from line to line of temple-curve inward
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| the nasal bones are located | directly inferior and obliquely anterior to glabella. nasal bones fuse and form superior part of nose. 2 frontal planes, 2 lateral planes-dome of the nose is where glasses sit
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| nasal septum | bone that divides internally, perpendicular with midline upper plate of ethmoid bone, lower part is vomer
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| cartalage attaches to ____ and ____ in the nose | plate of ethmoid bone and vomer
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| zygomatic (zygomae) are the _____ and located____ | check bones, inferior and lateral to the orbital cavities
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| prominence of the cheek | 2 crests of curbature of zygomatic bones, occurs where the bone changes direction. Slightly inferior and lateral to the outer corner of the eye, refurred to as the warm area of the face
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| distance between the prominences of the checks are the | widest part of the anterior plane of the face
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| maxillary (maxillar) is located | inferior to the nasal cavity and lateral to nasal cavity and nasal bones, forms the boundary of the nasal cavity. connects to the nasal, frontal & zygomatic bones
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| the central bone of the face is and forms the upper jaw | the maxillary
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| maxilla sinus | hollow cavity inside the maxillary bone that warms incoming air and acts as a vocal resonator
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| nasal spine | small sharp spur of bone that projects where 2 bones meet at midline, directly inferior to the nasal cavity
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| measure the distance of the spine x3= | tip of the nose
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| frontal process | long triangular-shaped part of bone that extends superiorly and anteriorly from the body of maxilla that forms the sides of the nasal cavity.
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| zygomatic process | part of the bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone
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| alveolar process (alveolar margin) | row of sockets for upper teeth along inferior edge of bone, made of cancellous bony tissue
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| the first 4 teeth are | incisors
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| the 2 teeth that are lateral to the incisors | canine
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| the 4 transitional bilateral teeth | pre-molars
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| there are 6 bilateral _____ | molars
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| palatine process | inferior and posterior part of maxillary bone, forms the roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity
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| the mandible is lcated | most anterior and inferior of the skull
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| the mandible is made of 2 parts the _____ and the _____ | 1 body and 2 ramus
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| the body of the mandible is _____ and contains the _____ | curved horizontal anterior part of the bone, alveolar processes
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| the rami are | straight vertical and posterior part for the mandible
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| epidermis | superficial layer, thinner of the 2 layers of skin, 4 cells thick contains 2 of the 3 pigments
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| dermis | dense underlying connective tissue, thicker of the 2 layers
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| what is the "glue" that keeps the epidermis and dermis together | retie mucosa
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| melanin is what color and where is it found | brown or black, in the deepest strata of the epidermal skin
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| where is melanin made | melanocytes
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| what is the purpose of melanosis | to protect from UV rays
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| liver spots are | chloasma
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| what is chloasma | local and permanent concentration of melanin due to aging
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| what is the localized absence or permanent absence of melanin-congenital-gradual loss of color | leukoderma/vitiligo
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| albinism | congenital, complete absence of melanin
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| localized increase in dermal cells-neoplasm | nevus (mole)
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| lentigo/ephelis (freckle) | local and temporary concentration of melanocytes
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| what color is carotene and where is it found | yellow, found in low levels of epidermal layer mainly found in adipose and superficial fascia. this is why fat is yellow
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| sallow | variation in melanin or increase in carotene
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| jaundice | yellow-pathological condition (check whites of eyes)
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| bilirubin | chemical in bile (red pigment) which can back up and turn skin yellow
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| hematin | located in blood of superficial capillaries
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| pallor | movement of blood into the deeper tissues/a blood pigmentation
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| angioma "port wine stain" or "strawberry stain" | due to benign tumor in face
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| what is the guide of the face in profile to determine type | the upper lip
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| convex | curve in or recess
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| concave | curve out or project
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| there are _____ basic profiles | three
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