68WM6-Nutrition
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the building blocks out of which proteins are constructed, the end products of protein digestion | amino acids
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the building and repairing phase of metabolism | anabolism
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a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat; self-imposed starvation | anorexia nervosa
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the amount of energy used by the body at rest | basic metabolic rate
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an estimate used to determine if a person may be at risk because of excessive weight, used ot define obesity | BMI
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an eating disorder involving an insatiable craving for food, often resulting in binge eating follew py depression, self-deprivation, and purging | bulimia nervosa
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the breakdown or destructive phase of metabolism | catabolism
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fat-soluble sterol found in animal fats and oils, organ meats, and egg yolk | cholesterol
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generic term for non-digestible chemical substances found in plants | dietary fiber
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caused by the contents of the stomach emptying too quickly into the duodenum; persipiration, nausea, vertigo, diarrhea, and weakness are the symptoms; usually associated with gastric bypass or partial gastrectomy | dumping syndrome
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administration of nutrients into the GI tract | Enteral nutrition
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nutrients that the body cannot make that must be obtained from the diet | essential nutrients
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carbohydrates stored in the liver and skeletal muscles | glycogen
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a process in which hydrogen is added to vegetable oil to make it solid | hydrogenation
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a measurment of energy or the amount of energy a specific food can provide to the body | kilocalorie
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group name of organic substances of a fatty nature, which are insoluble in water. | lipids
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molecules made of lipid surrounded by protein; high density and low density are two types of this | lipoproteins
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use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition | medical nutrition therapy
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the amount of nitrogen consumed compared to the amount of nitrogen excreted over a given amount of time | nitrogen balance
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foods providing a high quality of one or more nutrients in a small number of calories | nutrient-dense foods
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abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body; grossly overweight | obeseity
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administrating nutrients by a rount other than the digestive tract (intravenously, for example) | parenteral nutrition
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a progressive macrocytic megaloblastic anemia usually related to inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of vitamin B12 | pernicious anemia
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food, fiber, bacteria, body secretions, and other substances that remain in the colon after digestion is completed | residue
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a feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food | satiety
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a diet used as medical treatment | therapeutic diet
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the administration of a hypertonic solution into a large central vein | TPN
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the administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied foods or formula into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum by way of a feeding tube | tube feeding
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strict vegetarian who eliminates all foods of animal origin from their diet | vegan
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what are the three macronutrients? | carbohydrates, protein, fat
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what are the two micronutrients? | vitamins, minerals
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what are the two functions of nutrients? | build and repair tissues, regulate body processes
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the primary source of energy for the body | carbohydrates
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this macronutrient makes up most of the body's lean tissues and organs | protein
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these amino acids are not made in the body | essential amino acids
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these amino acids are made by the body | nonessential amino acids
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this macronutrient insulates the body, provides a source of fat-soluble vitamins, and protects vital organs | fats
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these fats are solid at room temperature, usually found in animal products | saturated fats
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these fats are liquid at room temperature, and are usually found in plant/vegetable products | unsaturated fats
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organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts for normal physiologic and metabolic function of the body | vitamins
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the two most important water soluble vitamins | B, C
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deficiency of this can lead to anemia, neural tube defects, and elevated homocysteine levels | folate (B9)
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this B vitamin is essential for nervous system function | B12
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this vitamin has antioxident properties, increases iron absorbtion, and aids in wound healing and immune function | C
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deficiency of this vitamin can lead to scurvy, gingivitis, and bleeding gums | C
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the four fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K
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this vitamin maintains healthy vision | A
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this vitamin promotes the body's absorbtion of calcium | D
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This vitamin protects cell membranes and tissues, and is needed for normal development of nerves and muscles | E
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this vitamin is a coenzyme for blood coagulation; a deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding and easy bruising | K
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inorganic compounds found in the earth which perform vital roles in various body functions | minerals
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the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables and dairy | lacto vegetarian
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the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables, dairy, and eggs | lacto-ovo vegetarian
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this mineral helps with fluid and acid-base balance, and is important for nerve conduction and muscle contraction | sodium
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this mineral is important for nerve transmission and muscle contractions, and may help reduce blood pressure | potassium
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this mineral is essential for muscle contraction, nerves, teeth and bone health | calcium
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this mineral is responsible for energy metabolism and oxygen transport | iron
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water is what percentage of an adult's body weight | 60%
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the amount of fiber that an adult should consume per day | 20-35g
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this fiber dissolves in water, slows the rate of digestion, and decreases cholesterol levels | soluble fiber
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this fiber aids in digestion and acts as a natural laxative | insoluble fiber
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recommended weight gain for a person of normal weight during pregnancy | 25-25 lbs
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recommended weight gain for an overweight person curing pregnancy | 15-35 lbs
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recommended weight gain for an obese person during pregnancy | 15 lbs
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recommended weight gain for underweight persons during pregnancy | 28-40 lbs
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how many additional calories should a pregnant woman consume during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters? | 300
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what nutrients should be increased during pregnancy | protein, folic acid, calcium, and iron
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a condition of high blood sugar levels in a pregnant female with no previous diagnosis of diabetes | gestational diabetes
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substances to avoid during pregnancy | nicotine, drugs, alcohol, herbal supplements
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can be a result of alcohol use during pregnancy | fetal alcohol syndrome
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how many additional calories should be consumed by a breastfeeding mother? | 500
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how long should an infant remain on breastmilk or formula? | 6 months
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when can solid food be introduced into an infant's diet? | 4-6 months
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foods that should be avoided during infancy | honey, cows milk, citrus friuts, fruit juice, egg whites, peanuts/peanut butter, nuts
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what is it called when a child consitently rejects other foods in favor of a favorite food? | food jags
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this diet includes clear liquids only and is used after diagnostic tests, surgery, and acute illnes (NVD) | clear liquid diet
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transitional diet from clear liquid to solid foods | full liquid diet
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this diet provides food and fluids for patients who are unable to chew, swallow, or tolerate solid foods, usually following oral or facial surgery | blenderized diet
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provides texture modified foods that require minimal chewing | mechanically altered diet
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this is used for patients wtih an impaired ability to swallow or with an intolerance for thin liquids | dysphagia diet
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four members of the nutrition support team | physician, dietitian, pharmacist, nurse
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