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68WM6-Nutrition

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Question
Answer
the building blocks out of which proteins are constructed, the end products of protein digestion   amino acids  
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the building and repairing phase of metabolism   anabolism  
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a psychoneurotic disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat; self-imposed starvation   anorexia nervosa  
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the amount of energy used by the body at rest   basic metabolic rate  
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an estimate used to determine if a person may be at risk because of excessive weight, used ot define obesity   BMI  
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an eating disorder involving an insatiable craving for food, often resulting in binge eating follew py depression, self-deprivation, and purging   bulimia nervosa  
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the breakdown or destructive phase of metabolism   catabolism  
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fat-soluble sterol found in animal fats and oils, organ meats, and egg yolk   cholesterol  
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generic term for non-digestible chemical substances found in plants   dietary fiber  
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caused by the contents of the stomach emptying too quickly into the duodenum; persipiration, nausea, vertigo, diarrhea, and weakness are the symptoms; usually associated with gastric bypass or partial gastrectomy   dumping syndrome  
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administration of nutrients into the GI tract   Enteral nutrition  
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nutrients that the body cannot make that must be obtained from the diet   essential nutrients  
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carbohydrates stored in the liver and skeletal muscles   glycogen  
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a process in which hydrogen is added to vegetable oil to make it solid   hydrogenation  
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a measurment of energy or the amount of energy a specific food can provide to the body   kilocalorie  
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group name of organic substances of a fatty nature, which are insoluble in water.   lipids  
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molecules made of lipid surrounded by protein; high density and low density are two types of this   lipoproteins  
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use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition   medical nutrition therapy  
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the amount of nitrogen consumed compared to the amount of nitrogen excreted over a given amount of time   nitrogen balance  
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foods providing a high quality of one or more nutrients in a small number of calories   nutrient-dense foods  
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abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells of the body; grossly overweight   obeseity  
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administrating nutrients by a rount other than the digestive tract (intravenously, for example)   parenteral nutrition  
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a progressive macrocytic megaloblastic anemia usually related to inadequate intake, absorption, or utilization of vitamin B12   pernicious anemia  
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food, fiber, bacteria, body secretions, and other substances that remain in the colon after digestion is completed   residue  
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a feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food   satiety  
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a diet used as medical treatment   therapeutic diet  
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the administration of a hypertonic solution into a large central vein   TPN  
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the administration of nutritionally balanced liquefied foods or formula into the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum by way of a feeding tube   tube feeding  
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strict vegetarian who eliminates all foods of animal origin from their diet   vegan  
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what are the three macronutrients?   carbohydrates, protein, fat  
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what are the two micronutrients?   vitamins, minerals  
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what are the two functions of nutrients?   build and repair tissues, regulate body processes  
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the primary source of energy for the body   carbohydrates  
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this macronutrient makes up most of the body's lean tissues and organs   protein  
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these amino acids are not made in the body   essential amino acids  
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these amino acids are made by the body   nonessential amino acids  
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this macronutrient insulates the body, provides a source of fat-soluble vitamins, and protects vital organs   fats  
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these fats are solid at room temperature, usually found in animal products   saturated fats  
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these fats are liquid at room temperature, and are usually found in plant/vegetable products   unsaturated fats  
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organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts for normal physiologic and metabolic function of the body   vitamins  
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the two most important water soluble vitamins   B, C  
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deficiency of this can lead to anemia, neural tube defects, and elevated homocysteine levels   folate (B9)  
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this B vitamin is essential for nervous system function   B12  
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this vitamin has antioxident properties, increases iron absorbtion, and aids in wound healing and immune function   C  
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deficiency of this vitamin can lead to scurvy, gingivitis, and bleeding gums   C  
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the four fat soluble vitamins   A, D, E, K  
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this vitamin maintains healthy vision   A  
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this vitamin promotes the body's absorbtion of calcium   D  
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This vitamin protects cell membranes and tissues, and is needed for normal development of nerves and muscles   E  
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this vitamin is a coenzyme for blood coagulation; a deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding and easy bruising   K  
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inorganic compounds found in the earth which perform vital roles in various body functions   minerals  
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the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables and dairy   lacto vegetarian  
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the diet of this vegetarian includes vegetables, dairy, and eggs   lacto-ovo vegetarian  
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this mineral helps with fluid and acid-base balance, and is important for nerve conduction and muscle contraction   sodium  
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this mineral is important for nerve transmission and muscle contractions, and may help reduce blood pressure   potassium  
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this mineral is essential for muscle contraction, nerves, teeth and bone health   calcium  
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this mineral is responsible for energy metabolism and oxygen transport   iron  
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water is what percentage of an adult's body weight   60%  
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the amount of fiber that an adult should consume per day   20-35g  
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this fiber dissolves in water, slows the rate of digestion, and decreases cholesterol levels   soluble fiber  
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this fiber aids in digestion and acts as a natural laxative   insoluble fiber  
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recommended weight gain for a person of normal weight during pregnancy   25-25 lbs  
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recommended weight gain for an overweight person curing pregnancy   15-35 lbs  
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recommended weight gain for an obese person during pregnancy   15 lbs  
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recommended weight gain for underweight persons during pregnancy   28-40 lbs  
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how many additional calories should a pregnant woman consume during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?   300  
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what nutrients should be increased during pregnancy   protein, folic acid, calcium, and iron  
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a condition of high blood sugar levels in a pregnant female with no previous diagnosis of diabetes   gestational diabetes  
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substances to avoid during pregnancy   nicotine, drugs, alcohol, herbal supplements  
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can be a result of alcohol use during pregnancy   fetal alcohol syndrome  
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how many additional calories should be consumed by a breastfeeding mother?   500  
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how long should an infant remain on breastmilk or formula?   6 months  
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when can solid food be introduced into an infant's diet?   4-6 months  
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foods that should be avoided during infancy   honey, cows milk, citrus friuts, fruit juice, egg whites, peanuts/peanut butter, nuts  
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what is it called when a child consitently rejects other foods in favor of a favorite food?   food jags  
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this diet includes clear liquids only and is used after diagnostic tests, surgery, and acute illnes (NVD)   clear liquid diet  
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transitional diet from clear liquid to solid foods   full liquid diet  
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this diet provides food and fluids for patients who are unable to chew, swallow, or tolerate solid foods, usually following oral or facial surgery   blenderized diet  
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provides texture modified foods that require minimal chewing   mechanically altered diet  
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this is used for patients wtih an impaired ability to swallow or with an intolerance for thin liquids   dysphagia diet  
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four members of the nutrition support team   physician, dietitian, pharmacist, nurse  
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