Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

Ch 2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
2 types of Solidarity   mechanical solidarity organic solidarity  
🗑
mechanical solidarity   Durkheim theory, the idea that primitive society is held together by the fact there is little division of labor and, as a result, virtually everyone does essentially the same things.  
🗑
organice solidarity   the idea that beacuse of the substantial division of labor in modern society, solidarity comes from differences: that is people need the contributions of an increasing # of people in order to function and even to strive  
🗑
dynamic density   the # of people and their frequency of interaction. An increase in dynamic density leads to transformation from mechanical to organic solidarity  
🗑
collective conscience   the ideas shared by the members of a collectivity such as a group, a tribe, or society  
🗑
repressive law   a form of law which offenders are likely to be severly punished for any action that is seen by the tightly integrated community as an offense against the powerful collective conscience -characteristic of mechanical solidarity  
🗑
restitutive law   weakened collective conscience. Offenders are asked to comply with the law or to repay those who have been harmed by their actions  
🗑
anomie   a sense associated with organic solidarity, of not knowing what one is expected to do: of being adrift in society with any clear and secure moorings.  
🗑
social facts   subject matter of sociology. Treated as things that are external to, and coercive over, individuals as they are to be studied empiracally  
🗑
material social facts   social facts that take a material form in the external social world (ex. Architecture)  
🗑
non material social facts   social facts that are external and coercive, but which do not take a material form, they are non material. (ex. norms and values)  
🗑
anomic suicide   people are more likely to kill themselves when they do not know what is expected of them, where regulation is low, and they are largely free to run wild. This mad pursuit is likley to prove unsatisfying and, as a result.  
🗑
egoistic suicide   when people are not well integrated into the collectivity and largely on their own, they feel a sense of futility, meaninglessness and more of them feel that they are morally free to kill themselves.  
🗑
altruistic suicide   when people are TOO well integrated into the collectivity, they are likely to kill themselves in greater numbers because the group leads them, or even forces them to.  
🗑
fatalistic suicide   in situations of excessive regulation (ex slavery) people are often so distressed and depressed by their lack of freesom that they take their own lives, more frequently than otherwise.  
🗑
alienation   the breakdown of, the seperation from, the natural interconnection between people and their productive activities,the products they produce, the fellow workers, and with what they are protentially capable of becoming.  
🗑
capitalism   an economic system composed mainly of capitalists and proletariat, in which one class (capitalists) exploits the other (proletariat)  
🗑
means of production   those things that are needed for production to take place (including tools, machinary, raw materials, and factories)  
🗑
capitalists   those who own the means of production under capitalism and are therefore in a position to exploit workers.  
🗑
proletariat   those who, because they do not own means of production, must sell their labor time to the capitalists in order to get access to those means  
🗑
subsistence wage   the wage paid by the capitalist to the proletariat that is just enough for the worker to survive and to have a family and children so that when the worker falters, he can be replaced by one of his children  
🗑
labor theory of value   Marx theory that ALL value comes from labor and is therefore traceable, in capitalism, to the prolatariat.  
🗑
surplus value   the difference between the value of a product when it is sold and value of the elements consumed in production of the product (including workers labor)  
🗑
exploitation   in capitalism, the capitalists reap benefits and the proletariats get just enough to subsist, even though based on the label of value theory, the situation should be reversed  
🗑
false consciousness   in capitalism, both the proletariat and the capitalists have an inacurate sense of themselves, their relationship to one another, and the way in which capitalism operates.  
🗑
class consciousness   the ability of a class, in particular the proletariat, to overcome false consciousness and attain an accurate understanding of the capitalist system.  
🗑
praxis   the idea that people, especially the proletariat, must take concrete action in order to overcome capitalism.  
🗑
communism   the social system that permits, for the first time, the expression of full, human potential  
🗑
behavior   things that people do that require little or no thought  
🗑
action   things that people do that are the result of conscious processes  
🗑
behaviorism   the study, largely associated with psychology, of behavior.  
🗑
affectual action   nonrational action that is the result of emotion  
🗑
traditional action   action taken on the basis of the ways things have been done habitually or customarily  
🗑
value-rational action   action that occurs when an actors choice of the best means to an end is chosen on the basis of the actors belief in some larger set of values. This may not be an optimal choice, but its rational from the value system p.o.v.  
🗑
means-ends rational action   the pursuit of ends that the actor has chosen for himself:that choice is affected by the actors view of the environment in which she finds herself, including the behavior of people and objects in it  
🗑
practical rationality   on a day to day basis, we deal with whatever difficulties exist and find the most expedient way of attaining our goal of getting from one point to another  
🗑
theoretical rationality   an effort to master reality cognitivley through the development of increasingly abstract concepts. The goal is to attain a rational understanding of the world rather than to take rational action within it  
🗑
substantive rationally   the choice of the most expedient action is guided by larger values rather than by daily experiences and practical thinking.  
🗑
form rationality   the choice of the most expedient action is based on rules, regulations, and laws that apply to everyone. This form of rationality is distinctive to the modern West.  
🗑
Protestant ethic   because of their believe in predestination, the Calvinist could not know whether they were going to hell or directly affect their fate. Success in business=salvation  
🗑
verstehen   a methodological technique involving an effort to understand the thought processes of the actor, their meanings and motives, and how these factors led to the the action (or interaction) under study  
🗑
spirit of capitalism   people motivated to be economically successful . characteritics include the seeking of profits rationally and systematically, frugality, punctuality,fairness, and the earning of money as a legitmate end in itelf.  
🗑
traditional authority   authority based on the belief by followers that certain people have excercised sovereighnty since time immemorable. leaders and follower believe in the sanctity of age old rules and powers  
🗑
charismatic authority   authority legitimated by a belief of the followers in the exceptional sanctity, heroism, or exemplary character of the charimatic leader  
🗑
charisma   the definition by others that a person has extraordinary qualities. A person may not have such qualities in order to be so defined.  
🗑
routinization of charisma   efforts by disciples to recast the leaders extraordinary characterstics so they are better able to handle mundane matters.  
🗑
ideal type   one sided, exaggerated concept , usually an exaggeration of the rationality of a given phenomenon, used to analyze the social world in all its historical and contemporary variation. The ideal type is a measuring rod to compare soc phenom across culture/ti  
🗑
bureacracy   modern type of organization, officer behavior is rule bound:each office has specific duty. Each has the means, authority and specific function to get the job done. Much of bur dutys are in writing.  
🗑
rational-legal authority   a type of authority in which the legitimacy of its leaders is derived from the fact that there is a series of codifies rules and regulations and leaders hold their positions as a result of those rules.  
🗑
association   the relationships among people, or interaction.  
🗑
forms   patterns imposed on the bewildering array of events, actions, and interactions in the social world both by people in their everyday lives and by social theorists.  
🗑
types   patterns imposed on a wide range of actors by both laypeople and social scientists in order to combine a number of them into a limites number of categories.  
🗑
secrecy   as defined by Simmel, the condition in which one person has the intention of hiding something while the other is seeking to reveal that which is hidden.  
🗑
lie   a form of interaction in which a person intentionally hides the truth from others  
🗑
reify   to endow social structures, which are created by people, with a seperate and real existence  
🗑
dyad   a two person group  
🗑
triad   a three person group  
🗑
stranger   on of Simmels social types defined by distance: one who is neither too close nor too far.  
🗑
objective culture   the objects that people produce- art, science, philosophy etc that become part of culture  
🗑
individual culture   the capacity of the individual to produce, absorb, and control elements of objective culture.  
🗑
tragedt of culture   our meager individual capacities cannot keep pace with our cultural products. As a result, we are doomed to increasingly less understanding of the world we have created and to be increasingly controlled by the world.  
🗑
business   a pecuniary approach to economic process in which the dominant interests are acquisition, monmey and profitabiliy rather than production and interests of the larger society  
🗑
industry   the understanding and productive use, primarily by the working classes, of a wide variety of mechanized processes on a large scale.  
🗑
consipicuous consumption   the consumption of a variety of goods, not for subsistence but for higher status for those who consume them and thereby to create the basis for invidious distinctions between people.  
🗑
conspicuous leisure   the consumption of leisure; the non productive use of time. The waste of time to as as way of creating an invidious distinction between people and elevating the social status of those able to use their time in this way.  
🗑
act   basic concept in Meads theory, involving an impulse, perception of stimuli, taking action involving the objects involving the object perceived, and using the object to satisfy the initial impulse.  
🗑
impulse   first stage of the act, in which the actor reacts to soem external stimilus and feels the need to do something about it.  
🗑
perception   second stage of the act, in which the actor consciously searches for and reacts to stimuli that relate to the impulse and the ways of dealing with it.  
🗑
manipulation   third stage of the act involving manipulating the object , once it has been percieved.  
🗑
consummation   fourth/ final stage of the act involving the taking of action that satisfies the original impulse.  
🗑
gestures   movements by one party (person or animal) that serve as stimuli to another party.  
🗑
conversation of gestures   gestures by one party that mindlessly elicit responding gestures from the other party.  
🗑
significant gestures   gestures that require thought before a response is made: only humans are capable of this.  
🗑
significant symbols   symbols that arouse in the person expressing them the same kind of response( it need not be identical as they are designed to elicit from those to whom they are addressed  
🗑
mind   to Mead, the conversations that people have with themselves using language.  
🗑
self   the ability to take oneself as an object  
🗑
reflexivity   the ability to put ourselves in others places, think as they think act as they act  
🗑
play stage   the first stage in the genesis of the self, in which the child plays at being someone else.  
🗑
game stage   the second stage in the genesis of the self; instead of taking the role of discrete others, the child takes the role of everyone involved in a game. Each of these others plays a specific role in the overall game.  
🗑
generalized other   the attitude of the entire community or of any collectivity in which the actor is involved.  
🗑
definition of the situation   the idea that if people define situations as real, then those definitions are real in their consequences (Thomas&Thomas)  
🗑
I   The immediate response of the self to ohers: the incalcuable, unpredicatble, and creative aspect of the self.  
🗑
me   the individuals adoption and perception of the generalized other:the conformist aspect of the self.  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: monicedandre
Popular Science sets