Special Collections and Point-of-care testing
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| ACT | test used to monitor heparin therapy
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| aerobic | with air
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| agglutination | clumping, as in clumping of red blood cells in a transfusion reaction
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| analyte | substance being measured or detected by analysis
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| antimicrobial therapy | treatment with antibiotics
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| autologous | term used to describe blood donated for one's own use
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| BT | test platelet plug formation in the capillaries
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| chain of custody | special protocol for collecting, handling, and testing legal specimens
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| compatibility | suitability to mixed together with favorable results
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| ex vivo | outside the body
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| FUO | fever for which the cause is unknown
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| GTT | detects carbohydrate metabolism problems
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| HMT | high-dose heparin monitoring test
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| lookback | program that requires notification of recipients of blood products from donors that test positive for a transmissible disease.
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| peak level | highest serum concentration of a drug
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| POCT | bedside testing
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| PP | after a meal
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| septicemia | pathogenic bacteria in the blood
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| TDM | procedure used to manage individual patient drug treatment
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| trough level | lowest serum concentration of a drug
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| WBG | glucose measured in whole blood
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| what are the eligibility for donating blood? | age 17-66 years, 110 lb or more
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| identify the condition in which a unit of blood is withdrawn from a patient as a treatment | hemochromatosis
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| which specimen requires especially strict identification and labeling procedures? | blood type and crossmatch
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| before blood salvage during surgery can be reinfused in the patient it must be tested for? | residual free hemoglobin (high level indicates to many red blood cells have been destroyed)
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| donor units of blood are typically collected by using what gauge of needles? | 16-18 gauge
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| a typical unit of donated blood contains approximately? | 450 ML
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| Which type of tube can be used to collect blood for a type and screen? | lavendar to EDTA, nonadditive red top, and pin top EDTA
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| what test is collected using special skin decontamination procedures? | blood cultures
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| which type of test is performed to determine the probability that a specific individual was the father of a particular child? | paternity
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| why would blood cultures be collected with an antimicrobial adsorbing resin? | the patient is taking a broad-spectrum antibiotic
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| which speciman tubes must contain a 9:1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant to be accepted for testing? | coagulation
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| which blood culture container is inoculated first when the speciman has been collected by syring? | anaerobic (without air)
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| the most critical aspect of blood culture collection is? | skin antisepsis
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| a blood culture collection site is typically cleaned using? | chlorhexidine gluconate
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| what additive is sometimes used to collect blood culture specimen? | SPS
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| which type of specimen may require collection of a discard tube before the test specimen is collected? | coagulation
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| the abbreviation for a test that assesses platelet plug formation in capillaries is? | BT (factor assay)
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| which test is used as a screening test for glucose metabolism problems? | glucose tolerence test (GTT)
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| which of the following activities can affect glucose tolerance test results? | chewing sugarless gum, dringing tea without sugar, and smoking low-tar cigarettes
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| when does the timing of specimen collection begin during glucose tolerance test (GTT)? | after patient finishes the glucose beverage
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| a phlebotomist arrives to collect a 2 hour postprandial glucose specimen on an inpatient and discovers that 2 hours have not elapsed since the patient's meal. What should the phlebotomist do? | ask the patient's nurse to verify the correct time to draw the spicmen
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| a patient undergoing a glucose tolerence test vomits within 30 minutes of drinking the glucose beverage. What action shold the phlebotomist take? | notify the patient's nurse or physician immediately to determine if the test should be continued or rescheduled
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| increased blood glucose is called? | hyperglycemia
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| blood sugar (glucose) levels in normal individuals typically peak within what amount of time after glucose ingestion? | 30-60 minutes
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| Glucose tolerance test specimens can be collected by which means | can be skin puncture or venipunture but must be consistent for all specimens taken
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| patient preparation before a glucose tolerance test involves? | eating balance meals containing 150 g of carbohydrate for 3 day before the test, fasting for at least 12 hours before the test, and no smoking or chewing gum before or during the test
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| what is used to clean a site before blood alcohol specimen collection? | benzalkonium chloride
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| when is the "chain of custody" documentation used? | drug screen
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| purpose of therapeutic drug monitoring is to? | determine and maintain a beneficial drug dosage for a patient
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| drugs that are subjected to therapeutic monitoring are? | digoxin, gentamicin, and theophylline
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| a peak drug level has been ordered for 0900 hours (9 am). You draw the specimen 10 minutes late because of unavoidable circumstances. What additional action does this necessitate? | establish the last dosage time, notify the patients nurse, and record the time change when verifying the specimen
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| a trough level is collected? | immediately before administration of the next scheduled drug dose
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| which test requires the collection of multiple specimen? | glucose tolerance test
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| timing of collection is most critical for drugs with short half-lives, what are the drug? | digoxin, gentamicin, and phenobarbital
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| a bleeding time (BT) test assesses the functioning of this cellular element? | thrombocytes
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| the most common reason for glucose monitoring through point-of-care testing is? | monitor glucose levels in patients with diabetes
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| a trace-element-free tube is best choice for collecting a specmen for? | copper, lead, and zinc
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| Sources of error in point-of-care testing for blood glucose are? | dehydrated patient, elevated bilirubing count, and hematocrit sample size
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| which test typically has the shortest turnaround time? | whole blood glucose (WBG)
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| what is the name of a point-of-care testing ananlyzer? | coaguchek, hemochron jr., and I-Stat
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| monitoring blood coagulation through point-of-care testing my be performed during the following? | cardiac therapy, coumadin therapy, and heparin therapy (cannot be performed during lithium therapy)
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| what is the most common bedside or point-of-care testing test? | whole blood glucose
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| test used to monitor heparin therapy is? | ACT (activated clotting time)
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| what equipment is needed for a bleeding time test? | butterfly bandage, standarized incision device, and stopwatch
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| at what intervals is the blood blotted during a bleeding time test? | 30 seconds
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| which of the following will prolong a bleeding time test? | abnormally low platelet count, recent ingestion of aspirin, and touching the incision site with the filter paper
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| this test can determine if an individual has developed antibodies to a particular anitgen. | skin test
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| ionized calcuim plays a critical role in? | blood clotting, cardiac function, and muscular contraction
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| below normal blood pH is referred to as? | acidosis
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| what protein is specific to heart muscle? | troponin T
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| B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a | cardiac hormone
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| this test is used to evaluate long-term effectiveness of diabetes therapy | hemoglobin A1c
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| this test is also referred to as packed cell volume | hematocrit (HCT)
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| this test detects occult blood | guaiac
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| which of the following is a skin test for tuberculosis exposure | PPD (purified protein derivative)
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| the abbreviation for thehormone detected in urine pregnancy testing is? | HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
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| which point-of-care blood glucose analyzer uses a microcuvette instead of a test strip? | HemoCue
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| an uncorrected imbalance of this analyte in a patient can quickly lead to death? | potassium
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| what type of specimen is needed for a guaiac test? | feces
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| how much antigen is injected when performing a purified protein derivate (PPD) test? | 0.1 mL
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| erythema means? | redness
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| when reading a patients tuberculosis test, there is an area of induration and erythema that mearsures 7 mm in diameter. The results of the test is? | doubtful
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| point-of-care detection of Group A strep normally requires? | throat swab
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| what can be detected in urine by color reactions that occur on a special reagent strip that is dipped in the urine specimen and then compared visually against color codes on the reagent strip container? | bilirubin, glucose, and leukocytes
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| new noninvasive technology can be used to measure? | bilirubin, glucose, and oxygen saturation
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