Reactive airway disease
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RAD definition | when tissues of the airways react to invasion by an irritant ( viral , bacyerial, allergen or other) with inflammation, edema, mucus production and bronchospasm
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characteristics | reversible, usually self limiting, responsive to tx, occur in upper and lower airways
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categories | croup syndromes, asthma, bronchiolotis
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croup syn | category of UPPER airway illnesses resulting in swelling of the epiglottis and larynx. swelling may EXTEND to the trachea and bronchi, may be VIRAL or Bacterial
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viral croups | spasmodic laryngitis( spasmodic sroup), laryngo-tracheitis, and laryngo- trache0-bronchitis (LTB)
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Bacterial croups | bacterial tracheitis, eppiglottis
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the croup cough; | (blank)
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classic symptoms of croup syn | inspiratory, stridor, seal-like cough, hoarseness
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acute spasmodic croup | LEAST serious , inspiratory stridor at the level of the vocal sords, laryngeal spasm, self limiting but tendency to recur( couple of hrs for several days)
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characteristics | age group- 3mo-3yrs, allergic or viral, sudden onset usually at night, usually resolves by am
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clinical manifestations | barking metallic cough, hoarseness, AFIBRILE, diminished breath sounds, labored respiration
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management | supportive, cold mist, humidity
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LARYNGOTRACHEITIS | MOST common, mild to moderate INFLAMMATION, and edema of larynx and trachea, gradual onset, self limiting, VIRAL
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Characteristics | age group 3mo-8yrs, usually associated with UPPER resp infection
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clinical manifestations | LOW grade fever, hoarse barking cough, sore throat, stridor
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management | managed at HOME, oral hydration, OTC analgesics, OTC antipyretics, enery concervation
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LARYNGO-TRACHEO-BRONCHITIS | Most SERIOUS viral croup syn, obstructive edema BELOW vocal cords, inflammation and swelling of subglottic tissues, self limited duration approx 1 wk, gradual onset, associated with URI
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Clinical manifestaions | low grade fever, inspiratory stridor, hoarsness, croupy cough, sore throat, restless and irritable, may progress to =>severe resp distress, retrations, and cyanosis
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tx | may req hospitalization , IV fluics, humidification, medication, oxygen
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nursing care focus | assessment of resp status, vital signs, o2 sat, maintenance of patent airway-position, supplemental oxygen, conservation of energy-bed rest, hydration (increased RR increases metabolic fluid expd) and nutrition-maintenance plus replacement, discharge plan
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