Study for your Earth Movements test: Science
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| Mid-ocean ridges form at the boundary between two of these. | Oceanic plates
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| The process of two oceanic plates moving away from each other is called this. | Ocean floor spreading
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| What happens when two ocean plates spread? | Hot magmas from the mantle pushes up through the cracks between them.
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| What causes the magma from the mantle to get pushed up through the cracks between plates? | Convection currents
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| When the magma pushes up, what is created? | Mid-ocean ridges
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| What are many mid-ocean ridges capped by? | Active volcanoes
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| When volcanic cones rise above the surface of the ocean, what is formed? | Islands
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| What is subduction? | When an oceanic plate and a continental plate collide.
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| Why does the oceanic plate sink below the continental plate? | The oceanic plate is more dense.
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| What happens to the oceanic plate after it sinks below the continental plate? | It melts into the magma of the mantle.
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| What forms when the oceanic and continental plate collide? | A deep ocean trench.
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| What occurs at the ocean trenches? | Major earthquakes and volcanic activity.
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| What are folded mountains? | Two continental plates collided.
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| When two continental plates collide what happens? | The crust at the plate boundaries pushes upward and folds into a mountain range.
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| cast fossil | Something that forms when a mold is filled in with minerals deposited by water.
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| continent | One of the 7 large masses of earth
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| continental crust | The layer of crust that contains the continents
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| continental drift | the theory that the continents have moved vast directions around the earth over milions of years to reach their present location.
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| convection | The continuous cycle of heating and rising, cooling and sinking.
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| convection currents | The circular path of a gas or liquid as it is heated and rises, spreads out, and then cools and sinks.
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| core | The earth's innermost layer
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| crust | the thin, rocky, outermost layer of the earth.
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| earthquake | vibrations in the earth's crust caused by the sudden release of energy due to shifting rocks along a fault.
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| erupt | to break through; to force out suddenly and violently
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| fault | a break or crack in the earth's crust where two plates slide past each other
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| fossil | the remains of an organism that lived long ago, found preserved in rock preserved in rock
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| geology | the study of earth and its history
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| glacier | a huge, slow-moving mass of ice
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| inner core | the innermost layer of the earth which is made of solid metals (high temperatures and high pressure)
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| island | land mass surrounded by water
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| lava | magma that comes out of a volcano
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| lithosphere | consists of the crust and upper-part of the mantle that is separated into the tectonic plates
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| magma | the melted rock that makes up the mantle
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| model | a smaller or larger version of an object used to represent the acutal object.
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| mold fossil | an imprint left in a rock after the remains of an organism have disintegrated.
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| ocean floor | the surface of the earth's crust beneath the ocean
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| mid-ocean ridge | a mountain range on the ocean floor
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| ocean-floor spreading | the process by which hot magma from the mantle wells up in the boundary between two oceanic plates as they move away from each other- it results in the creation of new crust.
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| oceanic crust | the layer of crust beneath the oceans
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| Pangaea | the name of the super-continent that scientists believe existed about 200 million years ago, in which all the present continents were once joined.
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| plate | a section of the earth's crust
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| plate tectonics | the theory that the earth's crust is NOT one solid piece of rock, but rather it consists of a series of plates that float on the molten rock of the mantle.
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| Ring of Fire | a region of the earth in which many volcanoes and earthquakes occur (encircling the Pacific)
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| subduction | the process in which two plates collide and the edgee of the denser plate sinks beneath the edge of the less dense plate, then melting back into the mantle.
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| trench | a deep, narrow valley in the ocean floor where subduction takes place.
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| vibrations | a rapid back and forth movement
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| volcano | an opening in the earth's crust through which melted rock reaches the earth's surface
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