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Env. Science Energy Resources Vocabulary

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Question
Answer
Fossil Fuel   Fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content  
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Coal   A carbonaceous rock formed from buried plants in ancient forests or swamps  
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Peat   Partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried  
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Brown Coal   Lignite; The first type of coal formed and has the least amount of energy  
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Sub-bituminous Coal and Bituminous Coal   Dark black coal that are most important for energy production for direct heating and electricty  
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Anthracite Coal   Dark gray; have a high energy content  
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Petroleum   A dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons  
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Maturation   The burial and chemical transformation process that leads to formation of petroleum  
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Strip Mining   The mining of ore or coal from an open mine  
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Acid Mine Drainage   Any pollutional discharge emanating from a mining operation  
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Energy Efficiency   The amount of energy consumed per unit of productive output  
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Synfuels   Hydrocarbon resources other than oil, natural gas, and coal; also called unconventional hydrocarbons.  
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Tar Sands   Deposits of dense, thick, asphaltlike oil that cannot be pumped easily  
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Kerogen   Wax like compound that may be formed if organic material is buried; also called oil shales  
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Gas Hydrates   Deposits of methane that are frozen into ice in permafrost and in seafloor sediments  
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Fluidized Bed Combustion   Coal is burned more efficiently at a lower temperature than in a conventional power plant.  
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Coal liquification   Turning solid coal into liquid fuel similar to oil  
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Green Power   Electricity that is generated by a nonpolluting technology  
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Fission   Inducing a heavy atom to split into lighter atoms  
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Nuclear Reactor   A device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate  
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Fuel Rods   A long, slender tube that holds the fuel pellets  
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Nuclear Waste   Highly radioactive by-products of nuclear fission  
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Half-life   The amount of time it takes for the level of radioactivity in a material to be decayed by half.  
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Fusion   Two atomic nuclei come together to produce energy  
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Passive Solar Heating   Direct solar energy used for applications such as home and water heating  
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Active Solar Heating   Solar energy is collected, usually by solar panels on a rooftop, and the heat is stored and distributed by fans or pumps.  
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Photovoltaic Cells   Thin wafers or films that are treated chemically so they absorb solar energy, emitting a stream of electrons in response.  
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Electrolysis   Splitting water into its component parts  
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Fuel Cells   An electrochemical energy conversion device that produces electricity from external supplies of fuel.  
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Anode   The negatively charged pole of a fuel cell  
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Cathode   The positively charged pole of a fuel cell  
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Wind turbines   A machine that captures the energy of the wind and transfers the motion to a generator shaft  
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Wind Farm   A group of wind turbines in the same location used for production of electric power  
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Biomass Energy   Energy derived from Earth's plant life  
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Biogas   Methane gas released from animal waste that is used for energy  
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Ethanol   A form of alcohol made from fermented sugars found in corn and other crops that is added to conventional gasoline  
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Biodiesel   A form of fuel that is made from vegetable oil  
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Hydroelectric Power   Energy generated from a stream of water flowing downhill...gravitational energy.  
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