NATANSON EXAM 1:BIO-PSYCH 2011 SPRING
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| neuron anatomy | dendrites, cell body, axon, terminal branches and buds
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| neuronal transmission | cell body-→ axon → dendrites → synapse → receiving neuron
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| neurotransmitters | Chemical messengers that traverse synaptic gaps between neurons
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| acetylcholine | muscle movement
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| antagonist | a drug that blocks receptors of the receiving neuron
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| opiates | pain killers such as morphine
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| endorphins | natural, opiate like neurotransmitters
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| agonist | A drug that mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter or blocks its reuptake
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| dopamine | linked to Parkinson’s and schizophrenia
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| endocrine system | "slow" chemical communication system; set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
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| Central nervous system | brain and spinal cord
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| Peripheral nervous system | the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
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| reticular formation | nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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| cerebellum | helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
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| Limbic system | regulates emotion, hunger, thirst, temperature
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| hippocampus | processess declarative memory
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| hypothalamus | maintenance activities; hunger, thirst, temperature and emotion
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| amygdala | part of limbic system, processes fear and rage
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| Wernicke’s area | understanding language
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| Broca’s area | directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
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| Parietal lobe | perceiving sensation in sensory cortex
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| Occipital lobe | perceiving vision
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| Lateralization | the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body and the left hemisphere controls the right half of the body.
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| Hemispheric specialization | the tendency for certain processes to be more highly developed on one side of the brain than the other
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| right hemisphere | spatial and musical
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| left hemisphere | verbal and logical processes
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| Split brain | condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the corpus callosum
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| plasticity | brain's capacity for modification; brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and the effects of experience on brain development
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| PET | inject harmless radioactive substance to examine brain activity
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| EEG | amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface
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| MRI | shows brain anatomy
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| fMRI | shows brain function
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| Behavior genetics | studies the relative influence of genetics and the environment on behavior
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| Heritability | influence of genes on behavior
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| Environmental influence | every non genetic influence; from prenatal to the things and people around us
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| Adaptive behavior traits | those that lead to increased reproduction and survival; random mutations that happen to be adaptive to a particular environment
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