anatomy ch 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what are the three parts of a carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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| what are monosaccharides | simple sugars
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| examples of a monosaccharide | glucose and fructose
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| what is a disaccharide | 2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis
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| example of a disaccharide | sucrose
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| what are polysaccharides | many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration synthesis
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| examples of polysaccharides | glycogen, starch, cellulose
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| what is a lipid | mainly hyrophobic molecules such as fats, oils and waxes
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| what is a lipid made of | mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms
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| examples of lipids | fatty acids, fats, steroids, phospholipids
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| what are fatty acids | long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxylic acid group (energy source) (NON POLAR)
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| saturated means... | with hydrogen
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| unsaturated means... | one or more double bonds (mono=1 poly=1 or more)
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| how is a fat made | fatty acids attach to a glycerol molecule
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| what are triglycerides and their fuction | 3 fatty-acid tails. energy source, insulation, protection
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| what are steroids | 4 rings of carbon and hydrogen with an assortment or functional groups
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| types of steroids | cholesterol, estrogen & testosterone, corticosteroids & calcitriol, bile salts
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| what are phospholipids | diglycerides, compnents of plasma (cell) membranes
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| What are proteins formed from | amino acids & contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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| what are proteins | most abundent and important organic molecules, basic building blocks (12 amino acids)
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| protein functions | support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination and control, defense
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| what is denaturation | loss of shape & function due to heat of pH
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| what is the function of an enzyme | catalyst-proteins that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction
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| what are nucleic acids | large organic molecules found in the nucleus which store and process info. @ the molecular level
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| DNA stands for... | Deoxyribonucleic acid
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| fuctions of DNA | inherited characteristics, directs protein synthesis, controls enzyme produciton, controls metabolism
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| RNA stand for... | ribonucleic acid
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| function of RNA | controls intermediate steps in protein synthesis, copies genetic code
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| what are DNA and RNA made of | strings of nucleotides
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| what are the 3 molecular parts of nucleotides | a sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
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| A always bonds with... | T
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| G always bongs with... | C
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| what is ATP | a high-energy compound used by cells (most important h-e compound)
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| what is ATPase | the enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation
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| chemicals form functional unites called.... | cells
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| what does ATP stand for | adenosine triphosphate
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| how do cells make ATP | by adding a phosphate group to ADP
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| proteins are chains of amino acids linked by... | peptide bonds
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